Unitary graphene-based composite material
A unitary graphene-based integrated heat sink comprising a heat collection member (base) and at least one heat dissipation member (e.g. fins) integral to the baser, wherein the base is configured to be in thermal contact with a heat source, collects heat therefrom, and dissipates heat through the fins. The unitary graphene material is obtained from heat-treating a graphene oxide gel at a temperature higher than 100° C., 500° C., 1,250° C., or 2,000° C., and contains chemically bonded graphene molecules having inter-graphene distance of 0.3354-0.4 nm (preferably <0.337 nm). The unitary graphene material is a graphene single crystal, a poly-crystal with incomplete grain boundaries, or a poly-crystal having large grain sizes (e.g. >mm or cm), exhibiting a degree of graphitization preferably from 1% to 100% and a Mosaic spread value less than 0.7 (preferably no greater than 0.4). The finned heat sink may also be made from a filler-reinforced graphene matrix composite.
1. A thermally conductive composite material comprising a unitary graphene matrix material, the unitary graphene matrix material being single crystal or polycrystalline; having a physical density of at least 1.7 g/cm 3 ; an inter-graphene spacing d 002 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm; an oxygen content from 0.001% to 10%; a degree of graphitization from 1% to 100%; and a thermal conductivity from 600 W/mK to 1,800 W/mK and containing chemically bonded graphene molecules or chemically merged graphene planes wherein said graphene planes in a crystal grain are essentially parallel to one another with an average misorientation angle less than 10 degrees; further comprising a filler or reinforcement phase in the shape of a particle, filament, nanotube, nanowire, nanorod, or combinations thereof; selected from a metal, ceramic, glass, polymer, carbon, and combinations thereof.
2. The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1 , wherein the filler or reinforcement phase is chemically bonded by the unitary graphene matrix.
3. The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1 , wherein the filler or reinforcement phase is selected from a graphite fiber, graphite nanofibert, carbon nanotube, carbon nanorod, mesophase carbon particle, mesocarbon microbead, expanded graphite flake with a thickness greater than 100 nm, single-layer graphene sheet, multi-layer graphene platelet with a thickness less than 100 nm, pristine graphene platelet, exfoliated graphite, graphite worm, coke particle, needle coke, carbon black, acetylene black particle, activated carbon particle, and combinations thereof.
4. The thermally conductive composite material of claim 3 , wherein the filler or reinforcement phase is in the form of a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric, a mat, a paper, graphite fiber yarns, or graphite fiber bundles.
5. The thermally conductive composite material of claim 4 , wherein the filler or reinforcement phase is unidirectional, bi-directional, multi-directional, angle-plied, woven, or filament-wound shape.
6. The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1 , having a porosity level from 0% to 5%.
7. The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1 , having an electrical conductivity from 1,500 S/cm to 25,000 S/cm.
8. The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1 , having a tensile strength from 32 MPa to 200 MPa.
9. The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1 , having a flexural strength from 32 MPa to 200 MPa.
10. The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1 , having a Rockwell hardness, as measured on the R scale using ASTM D 785, from 60 to 80.
11. The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1 , having one dimension of at least 25 centimeters.
12. The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1 , wherein the unitary graphene matrix material exhibits a mosaic spread value from 0.4 to 0.7 and contains a combination of sp 2 and sp 3 electronic configurations.
13. The thermally conductive composite material of claim 1 , further comprising a surface coating having an emissivity greater than an emissivity of the unitary graphene matrix material.
14. The thermally conductive composite material of claim 13 , wherein the surface coating comprises a material selected from aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, titanium oxide, boron nitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, gallium nitride, and combinations thereof.
15. The thermally conductive composite material of claim 14 , wherein the surface coating comprises a material selected from metal or ceramic nanoparticles.
16. An electronic device comprising the thermally conductive composite material of claim 1 .