Graphite oxide entrainment in cement and asphalt composite
A method of producing dispersed of high quality graphene/graphite oxides in a powder matrix to then be reacted to form a composite. Where the powders have similar hydrophobicity and the graphene/graphite oxides has minimal surface oxidation or minimal epoxy group and where the powders are sonically mixed.
1. A method of making a graphene/graphite oxide mixed with other hydrophilic powders, where the graphene/graphite oxide is made by a method comprising:
obtaining graphene/graphite oxide flakes with a surface area to thickness ratio greater than 300 Angstroms, and thickness of less than 160 Angstroms, wherein the graphene flakes have no significant physical surface distortions, no significant epoxy functionalization, and has an oxidation level greater than 1.5% by mass;
mixing with cement and other dry powders; and
adding water to react the powders and form a cementitious composite when cured.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphene/graphite oxide is greater than 0.00005% by mass of the cement and other dry powders.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one mechanical, electrical, or thermal physical property of the cementitious composite is enhanced with the addition of the graphene/graphite oxide.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 95% of the graphene/graphite oxide flakes are from about 0.8 to 16 nanometers in thickness.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 95% of the graphene/graphite oxide flakes have a surface area to thickness ratio of a minimum of 300 Angstroms.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a maximum dimension of the graphene/graphite oxide flakes between 220 Angstroms and 100 microns.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphene/graphite oxide flake has primarily edge oxidation.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flake surface has a hydrophilicity equal to a hydrophilicity of the cement and other dry powders.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the obtaining graphene/graphite oxide flakes is done in a stirred media mill, and the stirred media mill is an Attrition mill or ball mill.
10. A method of making a graphene/graphite oxide mixed with other hydrophobic powders, where the graphene/graphite oxide is made by a method comprising the steps of:
obtaining Graphene/graphite oxide flakes with a surface area to thickness ratio greater than 300 Angstroms, and thickness of less than 160 Angstroms, wherein the graphene flakes have no significant physical surface distortions, having no significant epoxy functionalization and has an oxidation level less than 1.5% by mass; and
combining with sand and other dry powders.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the graphene/graphite oxide is greater than 0.00005% by mass of the sand and other dry powders.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least one mechanical, electrical, or thermal physical property of the sand and other dry powders is enhanced with the addition of the graphene/graphite oxide.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least 95% of the graphene/graphite oxide flakes are from about 0.8 to 16 nanometers in thickness.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least 95% of the graphene/graphite oxide flakes have a surface area to thickness ratio of a minimum of 300 Angstroms.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein a maximum dimension of the graphene/graphite oxide flakes between 220 Angstroms and 100 microns.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the graphene/graphite oxide flake has primarily edge oxidation.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the flake surface has a hydrophilicity equal to a hydrophilicity of the cement and other dry powders.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the obtaining graphene/graphite oxide flakes is done in a stirred media mill, and the stirred media mill is an Attrition mill or ball mill.
19. A graphene/graphite oxide preparation for making a cement comprising:
graphene/graphite oxide flakes with a surface area to thickness ratio greater than 300 Angstroms, and thickness of less than 160 Angstroms, wherein the graphene flakes have no significant physical surface distortions, having no significant epoxy functionalization and has an oxidation level greater than 1.5% by mass combined with cement and other dry powders; wherein the mixture is capable of forming a cementitious composite when cured in the presence of sufficient water.
20. A graphene/graphite cement composite comprising:
graphene/graphite oxide flakes with a surface area to thickness ratio greater than 300 Angstroms, and thickness of less than 160 Angstroms, wherein the graphene flakes have no significant physical surface distortions, having no significant epoxy functionalization and has an oxidation level greater than 1.5% by mass combined with cement and other dry powders; and sufficient water to react the powders and form a cementitious composite when cured.