Defibrillation waveforms for a wearable cardiac defibrillator
An external defibrillator system is configured with at least two different algorithms for determining the duration of a shock administered to a patient being treated and selects the algorithm based on one or more patient parameters such as, for example, the patient's TTI. The patient's TTI can be measured prior to or while the shock is being administered to the patient. The shock can be, for example, a multiphasic defibrillation or a multiphasic cardioversion shock. The charge voltage of the system's energy storage device can additionally be varied depending on the one or more patient parameters. For example, the system may charge the energy storage device so that the charge voltage is higher or lower than a nominal charge voltage responsive to the patient's TTI is higher or lower compared to an average TTI, respectively.
1. An external defibrillator, comprising:
two or more electrodes configured to be attached to a patient;
an energy storage module;
a discharge circuit, coupled to the energy storage module and at least two of the two or more electrodes, and configured to output energy from the energy storage module to the patient in the form of a shock;
an impedance measurement module configured to measure a transthoracic impedance (TTI) of the patient using at least some of the two or more electrodes;
a memory configured with:
a first threshold,
a first algorithm to determine a duration of a shock from the external defibrillator, and
a second algorithm to determine a duration of a shock from the external defibrillator,
the second algorithm being different from the first algorithm; and
a processor coupled to the memory, the discharge circuit, and the impedance measurement module, the processor configured to:
determine a shock duration, wherein responsive to a measured TTI being smaller than the first threshold, the processor is configured to determine the shock duration using the first algorithm, and responsive to the measured TTI being larger than the first threshold, the processor is configured to determine the shock duration using the second algorithm, and
cause the discharge circuit to output energy from the energy storage module to the patient so that the shock delivered to the patient has the determined shock duration.
2. The external defibrillator of claim 1 , wherein the first algorithm comprises the Walcott algorithm and the second algorithm comprises the CE Algorithm.
3. The external defibrillator of claim 1 , wherein:
the memory is further configured with a second threshold and a third duration algorithm to determine a duration of a shock from the external defibrillator, the second threshold being larger than the first threshold, and the third duration algorithm being different from the first and second algorithms; and
the processor is further configured to determine the shock duration using the third algorithm responsive to the measured TTI being larger than the second threshold.
4. The external defibrillator of claim 3 , wherein the third algorithm comprises an algorithm based on a set maximum duration of the shock.
5. The external defibrillator of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
cause the energy storage module to be charged to a voltage level based on the measured TTI; and
set the value of the first threshold based at least in part on the measured TTI.
6. The external defibrillator of claim 1 , wherein:
responsive to the measured TTI being smaller than the first threshold, the processor is configured to dynamically determine the shock duration using the first algorithm based at least in part on the measured TTI and the charge voltage of the energy storage module, and
responsive to the measured TTI being larger than the first threshold, the processor is configured to dynamically determine the shock duration using the second algorithm based at least in part on the measured TTI and the charge voltage of the energy storage module.
7. The external defibrillator of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to determine the first threshold as a value of TTI at which the duration determined by the first algorithm is equal to the duration determined using the second algorithm.
8. The external defibrillator of claim 1 , wherein the first algorithm and second algorithm are implemented at least in part using a data structure that stores a plurality of predetermined values corresponding to different TTI values.
9. The external defibrillator of claim 1 , wherein the shock has a biphasic truncated exponential waveform.
10. The external defibrillator of claim 1 , wherein the external defibrillator comprises a WCD.
11. A method for determining the duration of a shock from an external defibrillator, the method comprising:
measuring by the external defibrillator a transthoracic impedance (TTI) of a patient;
storing in the external defibrillator a first threshold related to TTI;
storing in the external defibrillator a first algorithm to determine a duration of a shock from the external defibrillator;
storing in the external defibrillator a second algorithm to determine a duration of a shock from the external defibrillator, the second algorithm being different from the first algorithm;
determining by the external defibrillator a shock duration, wherein:
responsive to a measured TTI being smaller than the first threshold, the shock duration is determined using the first algorithm, and
responsive to the measured TTI being larger than the first threshold, the shock duration is determined using the second algorithm; and
causing the external defibrillator to output energy from the energy storage module to the patient so that the shock delivered to the patient has the determined shock duration.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first algorithm comprises the Walcott algorithm and the second algorithm comprises the CE Algorithm.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
in the external defibrillator, storing a second threshold that is larger than the first threshold and a third duration algorithm to determine a duration of a shock from the external defibrillator, the third duration algorithm being different from the first and second algorithms; and
responsive to the measured TTI being larger than the second threshold, determining by the external defibrillator the shock duration using the third algorithm.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the third algorithm comprises an algorithm based on a set maximum duration of the shock.
15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising charging the energy storage module to a voltage level based on the measured TTI.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
responsive to the measured TTI being smaller than the first threshold, dynamically determining the shock duration using the first algorithm based at least in part on the measured TTI and the charge voltage of the energy storage module, and
responsive to the measured TTI being larger than the first threshold, dynamically determining the shock duration using the second algorithm based at least in part on the measured TTI and the charge voltage of the energy storage module.
17. The method of claim 11 , further comprising determining the first threshold as a value of TTI at which the durations determined by the first and second algorithms are the same.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first algorithm and second algorithm are implemented at least in part using a data structure that stores a plurality of predetermined values corresponding to different TTI values.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the shock has a biphasic truncated exponential waveform.
20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the external defibrillator comprises a WCD.