Fuel cell system and shutdown method thereof
A fuel cell system is disclosed, which includes an anode recirculation loop including a fuel cell stack for generating power, a fuel supply device for providing a fuel to the anode recirculation loop, an air supply device for providing air to a cathode of the fuel cell stack, a voltage monitoring device for monitoring a voltage of the fuel cell stack, and an anode protection controller. The anode protection controller decreases a current drawn from the fuel cell stack by a predetermined amount whenever the voltage of the fuel cell stack drops below a predetermined voltage threshold and decreases a fuel flowrate provided to the anode recirculation loop based on the decreased current, so as to maintain a steam to carbon ratio in the anode recirculation loop above a predetermined steam to carbon ratio limit. A shutdown method for the fuel cell system are also disclosed.
1. A fuel cell system comprising:
an anode recirculation loop, wherein the anode recirculation loop comprises a fuel cell stack configured for generating power and having an anode and a cathode;
a fuel supply device for providing a fuel to the anode recirculation loop; an air supply device for providing air to the cathode of the fuel cell stack; a voltage monitoring device for monitoring a voltage of the fuel cell stack; and
an anode protection controller, wherein the anode protection controller decreases a current drawn from the fuel cell stack by a predetermined amount whenever the voltage of the fuel cell stack drops below a predetermined voltage threshold and decreases a fuel flowrate of the fuel provided to the anode recirculation loop based on the decreased current, so as to maintain a steam to carbon ratio in the anode recirculation loop above a predetermined steam to carbon ratio limit.
2. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein when the voltage of the fuel cell stack is larger than or equal to the predetermined voltage threshold and the current is still larger than the predetermined amount, the anode protection controller waits until the voltage of the fuel cell stack drops below the predetermined voltage threshold and the current is less than or equal to the predetermined amount to set the current to be zero.
3. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a steam supply device for supplying steam for fuel reforming to the anode recirculation loop.
4. The fuel cell system of claim 3 , wherein the anode protection controller further increases a steam flowrate of the steam supplied to the anode recirculation loop whenever the voltage of the fuel cell stack drops below the predetermined voltage threshold.
5. The fuel cell system of claim 3 , wherein the anode protection controller comprises:
a steam to carbon ratio model, wherein the anode protection controller determines a decreased fuel flowrate demand from the steam to carbon ratio model according to the decreased current.
6. The fuel cell system of claim 5 , wherein the steam to carbon ratio model defines relationship which maps the steam to carbon ratio in the anode recirculation loop from the fuel flowrate provided to the anode recirculation loop, the steam flowrate supplied to the anode recirculation loop, the current drawn from the fuel cell stack, and a temperature of the fuel cell stack.
7. The fuel cell system of claim 6 , wherein when the temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than a predetermined temperature, if the current drawn from the fuel cell stack is larger than zero and the steam flowrate supplied to the anode recirculation loop is zero, the steam to carbon ratio in the anode recirculation loop in the steam to carbon ratio model is in association with the fuel flowrate provided to the anode recirculation loop and the current drawn from the fuel cell stack.
8. The fuel cell system of claim 6 , wherein when the temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than a predetermined temperature, if the current drawn from the fuel cell stack is larger than zero and the steam flowrate supplied to the anode recirculation loop is larger than zero, the steam to carbon ratio in the anode recirculation loop in the steam to carbon ratio model is in association with the fuel flowrate provided to the anode recirculation loop, the steam flowrate supplied to the anode recirculation loop and the current drawn from the fuel cell stack.
9. The fuel cell system of claim 6 , wherein when the temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than a predetermined temperature, if the current drawn from the fuel cell stack is zero and the steam flowrate supplied to the anode recirculation loop is larger than zero, the steam to carbon ratio in the anode recirculation loop in the steam to carbon ratio model is in association with the fuel flowrate provided to the anode recirculation loop, the steam flowrate supplied to the anode recirculation loop and the temperature of the fuel cell stack.
10. The fuel cell system of claim 6 , wherein when the temperature of the fuel cell stack is lower than a predetermined temperature, the steam to carbon ratio in the anode recirculation loop in the steam to carbon ratio model is in association with the fuel flowrate provided to the anode recirculation loop and the steam flowrate supplied to the anode recirculation loop.
11. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the anode protection controller further maintains a differential pressure between the anode and the cathode in a predetermined pressure range whenever the voltage of the fuel cell stack drops below the predetermined voltage threshold.
12. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the anode of the fuel cell stack has an anode inlet and an anode outlet, and the anode recirculation loop further comprises:
a fuel reformer for receiving the fuel and a tail gas from the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack and generating a reformate, wherein at least one portion of the reformate is returned to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack.