Fabrication of maxillofacial splints
A technique for fabricating a surgical splint for use in correcting a dental condition of a patient. The technique involves obtaining a three-dimensional digital model of lower and upper arch dentitions of the patient having the dental condition. Relative positions of the lower and upper arch dentitions are adjusted with respect to each other in the three-dimensional digital model using a computing device. An electronic model of a splint is generated based on the adjusted relative positions of the lower and upper arch dentitions. A splint is then generated in a physical form from the electronic model of the splint.
1. A method of fabricating a splint to be placed between a maxilla and a mandible of a person, the method comprising:
obtaining a three-dimensional digital model of a lower arch dentition and an upper arch dentition of the person;
adjusting relative positions of the lower arch dentition and the upper arch dentition with respect to each other in the three-dimensional digital model, using a computing device;
generating an electronic model of the splint, using a splint generator of the computing device, based on the adjusted relative positions of the lower arch dentition and the upper arch dentition;
defining, on the electronic model, an upper splint boundary as a first x-y plane that is closest to the upper arch dentition and that is a first distance from a maxillary gingiva; and
defining, on the electronic model, a lower splint boundary as a second x-y plane that is closest to the lower arch dentition and that is a second distance from a mandibular gingiva, wherein the upper splint boundary and the lower splint boundary are separated by a third distance that defines a thickness of the splint; and
generating the splint in a physical form from the electronic model of the splint.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating the splint in a physical form comprises using a rapid fabrication technique.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein using the rapid fabrication technique comprises using a technique selected from the group consisting of three-dimensional printing and computer numerically controlled milling.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein using the rapid fabrication technique comprises three-dimensional printing and curing the splint with ultraviolet light.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
defining, with the splint generator, a first impression of the upper arch dentition into the first x-y plane defined by the upper splint boundary, wherein the first impression of the upper arch dentition contains a first gap buffer; and
defining, with the splint generator, a second impression of the lower arch dentition into the second x-y plane defined by the lower splint boundary, wherein the second impression of the lower arch dentition contains a second gap buffer.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the first gap buffer and the second gap buffer have the same dimensions.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the relative positions comprises moving the maxilla forward, relative to the mandible, to treat an underbite of the person.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the relative positions comprises moving the mandible forward, relative to the maxilla, to treat sleep apnea suffered by the person.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
defining, with the splint generator, an outer splint boundary as a fourth distance normal to an outer surface of each tooth of the person; and
defining, with the splint generator, an inner splint boundary as a fifth distance normal to an inner surface of each tooth of the person,
wherein a sixth distance between the outer splint boundary and the inner splint boundary defines a width of the splint.