Compositions and methods for stabilizing water sensitive clays and migrating fines in subterranean formations
Clay stabilization compositions include one or a plurality of triamino compounds and/or derivatives thereof, fluids containing an effective amount of the clay stabilization compositions and methods for making and using same.
1. A clay stabilizing composition comprising:
one or more tri-functional primary amine compounds comprise one or more compounds of Formula I:
HC(RNR 1 R 2 )(R′NR 3 R 4 )(R″NR 5 R 6 ) (I)
and
one or more salts comprise one or more compounds of Formula II:
HC(RN + R 1 R 2 R 7 )(R′N + R 3 R 4 R 8 )(R″N + R 5 R 6 R 9 )X n (II)
wherein:
the R, R′, and R″ groups are the same or different that are hydrocarbyl linking groups having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms,
when the R, R′, and R″ groups include 2 to 8 carbon atoms, then one or more carbon atoms may be replaced by acetate groups, or carbonyl groups,
the R 1-6 groups are the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or hydrocarbyl groups including from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
when the R 1-6 groups include 2 to 6 carbon atoms, then one or more carbon atoms may be replaced by oxygen atoms, acetate groups, or carbonyl groups,
the R 7-9 groups are the same or different and are: (a) absent and their associated nitrogen atoms would not bear a charge, (b) a hydrogen atom and their associated nitrogen atoms would bear a charge, or (c) a hydrocarbyl group including from 1 to 24 carbon atoms and their associated nitrogen atoms would bear a charge;
provided that at least one of the R 7-9 groups is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbyl group, and
when the R 7-9 groups include 2 to 24 carbon atoms, then one or more carbon atoms may be replaced by oxygen atoms, acetate groups, or carbonyl groups, and
the X groups are the same or different counterions derived from an organic acid, an alkylating agent, a quaternizing agent, or mixtures thereof,
n is an integer having a value of 1, 2 or 3 so that each of the compounds of Formula (II) is neutral, and
the composition, when added to a drilling fluid, a fracturing fluid, or a stimulation fluid, stabilizes clay, reduces clay swelling and reduces fines migration during drilling, fracturing, or stimulating operations of a subterranean formation.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the R, R′, and R″ groups are the same or different and are linear alkyl linking groups of the formula —(CH 2 ) m —, and
m is an integer having a value between 1 and 8, and
when m has a value between 2 and 8, then one or more carbon atoms may be replaced by oxygen atoms.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the R group is a linear alkyl linking group having between 1 and 3 carbon atoms,
the R′ group is linear alkyl linking group having between 2 and 4 carbon atoms, and
the R″ group is linear alkyl linking groups having between 3 and 5 carbon atoms.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, and mixtures thereof,
the alkylating agent is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) dialkylsulfates, wherein alkyl groups of the dialkylsulfates are the same or different and between 1 and 6 carbon atoms,
(b) chloroalkylbenzenes, wherein an alkyl group of the chloroalkylbenzenes has between 1 and 6 carbon atoms,
(c) alkylchlorides, wherein an alkyl group of the alkylchlorides has between 1 and 24 carbon atoms,
(d) chloroethers having between 4 and 24 carbon atoms,
(e) alkylsulfonates, wherein an alkyl group of the alkylsulfonates is a straight chain alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group having between 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and
(f) mixtures or combinations thereof, and
the quaternizing agent is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) the dialkylsulfates,
(b) the chloroalkylbenzenes,
(c) the alkylchlorides,
(d) the chloroethers,
(e) the alkylsulfonates, and
(f) mixtures or combinations thereof.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more compounds of Formula I comprises the compound of Formula III:
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more compounds of Formula II comprises one or more compounds of Formula IV:
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more compounds of Formula I comprises one or more compounds Formula V:
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more compounds of Formula II comprises one or more compounds of Formula VI:
and/or one or more compounds of Formula VII:
9. A composition comprising:
a downhole fluid, and
an effective amount of a clay stabilizing composition comprising:
one or more tri-functional primary amine compounds comprise one or more compounds of Formula I:
HC(RNR 1 R 2 )(R′NR 3 R 4 )(R″NR 5 R 6 ) (I)
and
one or more salts comprise one or more compounds of Formula II:
HC(RN + R 1 R 2 R 7 )(R′N + R 3 R 4 R 8 )(R″N + R 5 R 6 R 9 )X n (II)
wherein:
the R, R′, and R″ groups are the same or different that are hydrocarbyl linking groups having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms,
when the R, R′, and R″ groups include 2 to 8 carbon atoms, then one or more carbon atoms may be replaced by acetate groups, or carbonyl groups,
the R 1-6 groups are the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or hydrocarbyl groups including from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
when the R 1-6 groups include 2 to 6 carbon atoms, then one or more carbon atoms may be replaced by oxygen atoms, acetate groups, or carbonyl groups,
the R 7-9 groups are the same or different and are: (a) absent and their associated nitrogen atoms would not bear a charge, (b) a hydrogen atom and their associated nitrogen atoms would bear a charge, or (c) a hydrocarbyl group including from 1 to 24 carbon atoms and their associated nitrogen atoms would bear a charge:
provided that at least one of the R 7-9 groups is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbyl group, and
when the R 7-9 groups include 2 to 24 carbon atoms, then one or more carbon atoms may be replaced by oxygen atoms, acetate groups, or carbonyl groups, and
the X groups are the same or different counterions derived from an organic acid, an alkylating agent, a quaternizing agent, or mixtures thereof,
n is an integer having a value of 1, 2 or 3 so that each of the compounds of Formula (II) is neutral,
the clay stabilizing composition stabilizes clay, reduces clay swelling, and reduces fines migration during drilling, fracturing or stimulating operations of a subterranean formation, and
the downhole fluid comprises a drilling fluid, a fracturing fluid, or a stimulation fluid.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein:
the R, R′, and R″ groups are the same or different and are linear alkyl linking groups of the formula —(CH 2 ) m —, and
m is an integer having a value between 1 and 8, and
when m has a value between 2 and 8, then one or more carbon atoms may be replaced by oxygen atoms.
11. The composition of claim 9 , wherein:
the R group is a linear alkyl linking group having between 1 and 3 carbon atoms,
the R′ group is linear alkyl linking group having between 2 and 4 carbon atoms, and
the R″ group is linear alkyl linking groups having between 3 and 5 carbon atoms.
12. The composition of claim 9 , wherein:
the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, and mixtures thereof,
the alkylating agent is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) dialkylsulfates, wherein alkyl groups of the dialkylsulfates are the same or different and between 1 and 6 carbon atoms,
(b) chloroalkylbenzenes, wherein an alkyl group of the chloroalkylbenzenes has between 1 and 6 carbon atoms,
(c) alkylchlorides, wherein an alkyl group of the alkylchlorides has between 1 and 24 carbon atoms,
(d) chloroethers having between 4 and 24 carbon atoms,
(e) alkylsulfonates, wherein an alkyl group of the alkylsulfonates is a straight chain alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group having between 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and
(f) mixtures or combinations thereof, and
the quaternizing agent is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) the dialkylsulfates,
(b) the chloroalkylbenzenes,
(c) the alkylchlorides,
(d) the chloroethers,
(e) the alkylsulfonates, and
(f) mixtures or combinations thereof.
13. A composition comprising:
a downhole fluid, and
an effective amount of a clay stabilization compositions comprising one or more salts of Formula II:
HC(RN + R 1 R 2 R 7 )(R′N + R 3 R 4 R 8 )(R″N + R 5 R 6 R 9 )X n (II)
wherein:
the R, R′, and R″ groups are the same or different that are hydrocarbyl linking groups having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms;
the R 1-6 groups are the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or hydrocarbyl groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
the R 7-9 groups are the same or different and are: (a) absent and their associated nitrogen atoms bear no charge, (b) a hydrogen atoms and their associated nitrogen atoms bear a charge, or (c) a hydrocarbyl group including from 1 to 24 carbon atoms and their associated nitrogen atoms bear a charge,
provided that at least one of the R 7-9 groups is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbyl group, and
when the at least one R 7-9 groups include 2 to 24 carbon atoms, then one or more carbon atoms may be replaced by oxygen atoms, acetate groups, or carbonyl groups;
the X groups are the same or different and are derived from an organic acid, an alkylating agent, a quaternizing agent or mixtures thereof;
n is an integer having a value of 1 or 2 or 3;
the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, and mixtures thereof;
the alkylating agent is selected from the group consisting of: (a) dialkylsulfates, wherein alkyl groups of the dialkylsulfates are the same or different and between 1 and 6 carbon atoms, (b) chloroalkylbenzenes, wherein an alkyl group of the chloroalkylbenzenes has between 1 and 6 carbon atoms, (c) alkylchlorides, wherein an alkyl group of the alkylchlorides has between 1 and 24 carbon atoms, (d) chloroethers having between 4 and 24 carbon atoms, (e) alkylsulfonates, wherein an alkyl group of the alkylsulfonates is a straight chain alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group having between 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and (f) mixtures or combinations thereof,
provided that each of the compounds of Formula (II) is neutral;
the quaternizing agent is selected from the group consisting of: (a) the dialkylsulfates, (b) the chloroalkylbenzenes, (c) the alkylchlorides, (d) the chloroethers, (e) the alkylsulfonates, and (f) mixtures or combinations thereof, and
the clay stabilization composition stabilizes clay, reduces clay swelling, and reduced fines migration during drilling, fracturing or stimulating operations of a subterranean formation, and
the downhole fluid including a drilling fluid, a fracturing fluid, or a stimulation fluid.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein n is 2 or 3.
15. The composition of claim 14 , wherein n is 3.
16. The composition of claim 9 , wherein n is 2 or 3.
17. The composition of claim 16 , wherein n is 3.
18. The composition of claim 13 , wherein n is 2 or 3.
19. The composition of claim 18 , wherein n is 3.