Bipolar battery assembly

1. A bipolar battery comprising:

a) battery plates arranged in two or more stacks, the battery plates comprising:

(i) one or more bipolar plates having an anode on one surface and a cathode on an opposite surface;

(ii) two monopolar plates disposed at opposing ends of the two or more stacks of the battery plates, each monopolar plate having a cathode or an anode deposited on one surface; wherein the battery plates are arranged so that a surface of each of the battery plates faces a surface of another one of the battery plates while forming a space therebetween;

b) a liquid electrolyte disposed in the space between the cathodes and the anodes to form a plurality of electrochemical cells;

c) a plurality of separators, wherein each individual separator is located between the anode and the cathode of an individual electrochemical cell;

d) one or more dual polar battery plates disposed between two of the two or more stacks of the battery plates, the one or more dual polar battery plates comprising:

(i) a non-conductive substrate;

(ii) a first anode or a first cathode located on a same side as one surface of the non-conductive substrate;

(iii) a second anode or a second cathode located on a same side as an opposing surface of the non-conductive substrate;

(iv) one or more current conductors located between the first anode or the first cathode and the second anode or the second cathode;

wherein the one or more dual polar battery plates is arranged so that the one surface having the first anode faces a surface of one of the battery plates in a first battery stack or another of the one or more dual polar battery plates having one of the first cathodes or the second cathodes deposited thereon, or the one surface having the first cathode faces a surface of one of the battery plates in the first battery stack or another of the one or more dual polar battery plates having one of the first anodes or the second anodes deposited thereon;

wherein the one or more dual polar battery plates is arranged so that the opposing surface having the second anode faces a surface of one of the battery plates in a second battery stack or another of the one or more dual polar battery plates having one of the first cathodes or the second cathodes deposited thereon, or the opposing surface having the second cathode faces a surface of one of the battery plates in the second battery stack or another of the one or more dual polar battery plates have one of the first cathodes or the second cathodes deposited thereon; and

e) one or more current conduits which connect the one or more current conductors directly or indirectly to one or more battery terminals.

2. The bipolar battery according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more dual polar battery plates include both the first anode and the second anode or both the first cathode and the second cathode.

3. The bipolar battery according to claim 1 , wherein the two or more stacks of the battery plates and the one or more dual polar battery plates are electrically connected in parallel.

4. The bipolar battery according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more bipolar plates each comprise a substrate with the anode on the one surface and the cathode on the opposite surface; and

wherein the substrate of the one or more bipolar plates is conductive so that the substrate conducts a current from one surface to the opposite surface.

5. The bipolar battery according to claim 1 , wherein the two monopolar plates each comprise a substrate; and

a current collector is in contact with the cathode or the anode of each of the two monopolar plates.

6. The bipolar battery according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more dual polar battery plates comprise:

a first conductive substrate having the first anode or the first cathode thereon,

a second conductive substrate having the second anode or the second cathode thereon, and

the non-conductive substrate disposed between the first conductive substrate and the second conductive substrate.

7. The bipolar battery of claim 6 , wherein the one or more current conductors include a first current conductor and a second current conductor;

wherein the first conductive substrate includes the first current conductor in contact with a portion of an opposite surface as the first anode or the first cathode; and

the second conductive substrate includes the second current conductor in contact with a portion of an opposite surface as the second anode.

8. The bipolar battery of claim 7 , wherein the first current conductor and the second current conductor are connected to a same battery terminal via one of the one or more current conduits.

9. The bipolar battery according to claim 1 , wherein each individual separator of the plurality of separators comprises a sheet having an integrated frame adhered to a periphery of the sheet; and

wherein the integrated frame is adapted to be placed adjacent to a periphery of one or more of the battery plates, the one or more dual polar battery plates, or both.

10. The bipolar battery according to claim 9 , wherein the battery plates and the one or more dual polar battery plates each comprise one or more substrates with raised edges about their periphery adapted to be disposed adjacent to the integrated frames of the plurality of separators.

11. The bipolar battery according to claim 10 , wherein the integrated frames and the raised edges form a seal between the plurality of electrochemical cells and outside surfaces of the bipolar battery.

12. The bipolar battery according to claim 4 , wherein the substrate of each of the bipolar plates is a polymeric substrate having one or more openings passing through the polymeric substrate and in communication with both surfaces of the polymeric substrate; and

wherein the one or more openings have smooth surfaces and are filled with a conductive material that undergoes a phase transformation at a temperature that is below a thermal degradation temperature of the polymeric substrates.

13. The bipolar battery according to claim 1 , wherein a membrane comprising a polymer is disposed about an entire periphery of the two or more stacks of the battery plates, including about a periphery of the one or more dual polar battery plates, so as to form a seal about edges of the battery plates which prevents the liquid electrolyte from flowing outside of the two or more stacks of the battery plates.

14. The bipolar battery according to claim 1 , wherein one or more openings pass through a substrate, the anode, and the cathode of the one or more bipolar plates, a substrate, the anode, and the cathode of the two monopolar plates; the plurality of separators; and the non-conductive substrate, the first anode or the first cathode, and the second anode or the second cathode of one or more dual polar battery plates;

wherein the one or more openings are aligned to form an integrated channel; and

wherein the integrated channel is transverse to a plane of the battery plates and the plurality of separators.

15. The bipolar battery according to claim 14 , wherein the one or more openings contain inserts located therein;

wherein the inserts are adapted to mate to form the integrated channel in the two or more stacks of the battery plates; and

wherein the integrated channel passes through the liquid electrolyte.

16. The bipolar battery according to claim 15 , wherein the inserts contain vent holes which communicate between the integrated channel and the plurality of electrochemical cells.

17. The bipolar battery according to claim 15 , wherein the inserts are bonded to or integral with the battery plates thereby forming seals at a junction between the plurality of separators and the battery plates.

18. The bipolar battery of claim 13 , wherein the one or more battery terminals include a positive terminal and a negative terminal which protrude through the membrane while the one or more current conductors are covered by the membrane.

19. The bipolar battery of claim 1 , wherein the one surface of the non-conductive substrate has the first anode or the first cathode thereon; and

wherein the opposite surface of the non-conductive substrate has the second anode or the second cathode thereon.

20. A bipolar battery comprising:

a) battery plates arranged in two or more stacks, the battery plates comprising:

(i) one or more bipolar plates having an anode on one surface and a cathode on an opposite surface;

(ii) two monopolar plates disposed at opposing ends of the two or more stacks of the battery plates, each monopolar plate having a cathode or an anode deposited on one surface; wherein the battery plates are arranged so that a surface of each of the battery plates faces a surface of another one of the battery plates while forming a space therebetween;

b) a liquid electrolyte disposed in the space between the cathodes and the anodes to form a plurality of electrochemical cells;

c) a plurality of separators, wherein each individual separator is located between the anode and the cathode of an individual electrochemical cell;

d) one or more dual polar battery plates disposed between two of the two or more stacks of the battery plates, the one or more dual polar battery plates comprising:

(i) a non-conductive substrate;

(ii) a first anode or a first cathode located on one surface of the non-conductive substrate;

(iii) a second anode or a second cathode located an opposing surface of the non-conductive substrate;

(iv) one or more current conductors located between the first anode or the first cathode and the second anode or the second cathode;

wherein the one or more dual polar battery plates is arranged so that the one surface having the first anode faces a surface of one of the battery plates in a first battery stack or another of the one or more dual polar battery plates having one of the first cathodes or the second cathodes deposited thereon, or the one surface having the first cathode faces a surface of one of the battery plates in the first battery stack or another of the one or more dual polar battery plates having one of the first anodes or the second anodes deposited thereon;

wherein the one or more dual polar battery plates is arranged so that the opposing surface having the second anode faces a surface of one of the battery plates in a second battery stack or another of the one or more dual polar battery plates having one of the first cathodes or the second cathodes deposited thereon, or the opposing surface having the second cathode faces a surface of one of the battery plates in the second battery stack or another of the one or more dual polar battery plates have one of the first cathodes or the second cathodes deposited thereon;

e) one or more current conduits which connect the one or more current conductors directly or indirectly to one or more battery terminals; and

wherein the one or more dual polar battery plates include both the first anode and the second cathode or both the first cathode and the second anode.