Silver and copper nanoparticle composites
A silver nanoparticle composite or a copper nanoparticle composite is formed in which the silver nanoparticle composite has silver nanoparticles, and both (a) one or more polymers and ascorbic acid adsorbed on the silver nanoparticles, wherein the (a) one or more polymers are selected from one or more of cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose. Copper nanoparticle composite are similarly formed in which both the (a) one or more polymers and ascorbic acid are adsorbed on the copper nanoparticles.
1. A non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion, comprising:
silver composite nanoparticles that are present in the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion in an amount of up to 80 weight %, the silver composite nanoparticles comprising silver metal, (e) ascorbic acid adsorbed on the silver metal, and (a) one or more polymers adsorbed on the silver metal in an amount such that the weight ratio of silver to the (a) one or more polymers is at least 5:1 and up to and including 20:1, the (a) one or more polymers being selected from one or more of cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose; and
one or more (c) hydroxylic organic solvents, each of which has a boiling point of at least 100° C. and a Hansen parameter (δ T Solvent ) equal to or greater than a total Hansen parameter (δ T Polymer ) of the one or more (a) polymers, and
the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion comprises less than 1 weight % of water, based on the total weight of all solvents in the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion,
wherein the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion has a viscosity of at least 1 centipoise and up to and including 50 centipoise, as measured at 25° C., and
wherein the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion contains 0 mol % and up to 10 mol % reducible silver ions based on the total silver present in the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion.
2. The non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion of claim 1 , further comprising a (d) nitrogenous base having a pKa in acetonitrile of at least 15 and up to and including 25 at 25° C.
3. The non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion of claim 1 , further comprising (f) carbon black.
4. The non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the (a) one or more polymers adsorbed on the silver are one or more of carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, and cellulose acetate propionate.
5. The non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the silver composite nanoparticles have a mean particle size (d50) of at least 10 nm and up to and including 1500 nm.
6. The non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the silver composite nanoparticles have a mean particle size (d50) of at least 20 nm and up to and including 500 nm.
7. The non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the silver composite nanoparticles have a mean particle size (d50) of at least 50 nm and up to and including 350 nm.
8. The non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the one or more (c) hydroxylic organic solvents are selected from n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol, 1-octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, n-decanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, benzyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, secondary butyl carbinol, isopropyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, secondary amyl alcohol, diethyl carbinol, methyl isobutyl carbinol, methyl-3-heptanol, diisobutyl carbinol, dodecanol-Z, methyl allyl carbinol, cyclohexanol, methyl cyclohexyl carbinol, phenyl methyl carbinol, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (carbitol), methoxy isopropanol, and mixtures of these compounds.
9. The non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion of claim 1 , further comprising (d) a nitrogenous base that is selected from 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), cyclohexylamine, piperidine, N-methyl piperidine, N-methyl-3-piperidinol, ethanol amine, 2-(ethylamino)ethanol, 2-(methylamino)ethanol, 2-(butylamino)ethanol, methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), diethanolamine (DEA), diglycolamine (DGA), diethylaminoethanol (DEAE), substituted or =substituted, non-polymeric pyridine, picolines, lutidines, quinoline, purine, isoquinoline, imidazole, benzimidazole, benzthiazole, thiazole, oxazole, benzoxazole, 4,4′-bipyridine, pyrazine, triazine, pyrimidine, nicotinic acid, isonicotinic acid compounds, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), and mixtures of two or more these compounds.