Method for providing a high capacity cathode material with improved rate capability performance
The present invention related to an electrochemical cell comprising an anode of a Group IA metal and a cathode of a composite material prepared from an aqueous mixture of iron sulfate, cobalt sulfate and sulfur. The cathode material of the present invention provides an increased rate pulse performance compared to iron disulfide cathode material. This makes the cathode material of the present invention particularly useful for implantable medical applications.
1. A method for making a cathode for an electrochemical cell, the comprising the steps of:
a) mixing:
i) a first metal salt comprising iron;
ii) a second metal salt comprising cobalt and sulfur; and
iii) sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 .5H 2 O) as a sodium salt reactant to thereby provide a metal salt matrix admixture;
b) adding water to the metal salt matrix admixture;
c) hydrothermally reacting the metal salt matrix admixture to a temperature of about 200° C. to thereby provide the cathode active material having the general formula Fe 1-x Co x S 2 , wherein 0.5≤x<1.0; and
d) forming the cathode active material into a cathode.
2. The method of claim 1 , including selecting the first metal salt from the group consisting of iron sulfate (FeSO 4 ), iron acetate (Fe(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 ), iron bromide (FeBr 3 ), iron perchlorate (Fe(ClO 4 ) 2 ), iron iodate (FeI 2 ), iron nitrate ((Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ), iron oxalate (Fe(C 2 O 4 ) 3 ), iron thiocyanate (Fe(SCN) 3 ), and respective hydrate forms thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , including selecting the second metal salt from the group consisting of cobalt sulfate (CoSO 4 ), cobalt acetate Co(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 , cobalt chloride (CoCl 3 ), cobalt chloride (CoCl 2 ), cobalt fluoride (CoF 2 ), cobalt iodate (CoI 2 ), cobalt thiocyanate (Co(SCN) 2 ), and respective hydrate forms thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , including providing iron sulfate as the first metal salt and cobalt sulfate and sulfur as the second metal salt.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cathode active material comprises a cubic lattice structure having a unit cell dimension of between about 5.383 Å and 5.478 Å.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cathode active material is selected from Fe 0.3 Co 0.7 S 2 and Fe 0.2 Co 0.8 S 2 .
7. The method of claim 1 , including mixing a binder material with the cathode active material when forming the cathode.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the binder material is a fluoro-resin powder.
9. The method of claim 1 , including mixing a conductive additive material with the cathode active material when forming the cathode.
10. The method of claim 9 , selecting the conductive additive material from the group consisting of carbon, graphite, and a combination thereof.
11. A method for making a cathode for an electrochemical cell, the comprising the steps of:
a) mixing:
i) a first metal salt comprising iron sulfate;
ii) a second metal salt comprising cobalt sulfate and sulfur; and
iii) a sodium salt reactant to thereby provide a metal salt matrix admixture;
b) adding water to the metal salt matrix admixture;
c) hydrothermally reacting the metal salt matrix admixture to provide the cathode active material having the general formula Fe 1-x Co x S 2 , wherein 0.5≤x<1.0; and
d) forming the cathode active material into a cathode.
12. The method of claim 11 , including adding de-ionized water to the metal salt matrix admixture to thereby provide an aqueous metal salt matrix admixture, and heating the aqueous metal salt matrix admixture to a temperature of from about 100° C. to 300° C.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the sodium salt reactant is sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 .5H 2 O).
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the cathode active material comprises a cubic lattice structure having a unit cell dimension of between about 5.383 Å and 5.478 Å.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the cathode active material is selected from Fe 0.3 Co 0.7 S 2 and Fe 0.2 Co 0.8 S 2 .
16. The method of claim 11 , including mixing a fluoro-resin binder with the cathode active material when forming the cathode.
17. The method of claim 1 , including mixing a conductive additive selected from the group consisting of carbon, graphite, and a combination thereof with the cathode active material when forming the cathode.
18. A method for making a cathode for an electrochemical cell, the comprising the steps of:
a) mixing:
i) a first hydrate of iron sulfate;
ii) a second hydrate comprising cobalt sulfate and sulfur; and
iii) sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 .5H 2 O) as a sodium salt reactant to thereby provide a metal salt matrix admixture;
b) adding water to the metal salt matrix admixture;
c) hydrothermally reacting the metal salt matrix admixture to a temperature of from about 100° C. to 300° C. to thereby provide the cathode active material having the general formula Fe 1-x Co x S 2 , wherein 0.5≤x<1.0; and
d) forming the cathode active material into a cathode.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the cathode active material comprises a cubic lattice structure having a unit cell dimension of between about 5.383 Å and 5.478 Å.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the cathode active material is selected from Fe 0.3 Co 0.7 S 2 and Fe 0.2 Co 0.8 S 2 .