Contactless replacement for cabled standards-based interfaces
A contactless, electromagnetic (EM) replacement (substitute, alternative) for cabled (electric) Standards-based interfaces (such as, but not limited to USB) which effectively handles the data transfer requirements (such as bandwidth, speed, latency) associated with the Standard, and which is also capable of measuring and replicating relevant physical conditions (such as voltage levels) on data lines so as to function compatibly and transparently with the Standard. A contactless link may be provided between devices having transceivers. A non-conducting housing may enclose the devices. Some applications for the contactless (EM) interface are disclosed. A dielectric coupler facilitating communication between communications chips which are several meters apart. Conductive paths may provide power and ground for bus-powered devices.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
an electrical interface configured to communicate electrically with a first device;
a first transducer configured to receive and convert an electromagnetic signal into a first electrical signal, wherein the electromagnetic signal includes a value indicative of a physical condition of a second device, and the physical condition includes at least one of a termination resistance and a drive strength; and
a first circuit configured to:
obtain the value indicative of the physical condition from the first electrical signal; and
reproduce the physical condition.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrical interface is configured to communicate electrically with the first device according to a standards-based protocol; and
wherein the first circuit is configured to reproduce the physical condition.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the physical condition is an electrical condition.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the electrical condition is a voltage level of a data line of the second device.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an electrostatic discharge (ESD) barrier through which electromagnetic radiation is permitted to pass and electrical current is blocked.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic signal further includes a second value indicative of a protocol state of the second device; and
wherein the first circuit is configured to:
obtain the second value from the first electrical signal; and
reproduce the protocol state at the electrical interface.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the protocol state represents at least one of speed and a capability of a link between the first device and the second device.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second electrical interface configured to communicate electrically with the second device;
a second circuit configured to:
measure a second value indicative of the physical condition at the second electrical interface; and
incorporate the second value in a second electrical signal; and
a second transducer configured to convert a second electrical signal into a second electromagnetic signal.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein:
the second circuit is configured to determine a value indicative of a protocol state of the second device; and
the first circuit is configured to reproduce the protocol state at the first electrical interface according to the value.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the value indicative of the protocol state is determined based on an initial protocol negotiation session between the first and second devices.
11. A method comprising:
measuring a physical condition of a first device electrically connected to a first contactless connector, the physical condition including at least one of a termination resistance and a drive strength;
generating a signal containing a value indicative of the physical condition; and
transmitting the signal contactlessly.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
receiving the signal contactlessly;
obtaining the value from the signal; and
reproducing the physical condition at an electrical interface according to the value indicative of the physical condition.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the physical condition is in compliance with a timing requirement.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the physical condition is an electrical condition.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the electrical condition is a voltage level of a data line of the first device.
16. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
determining a second value indicative of a protocol state of the first device; and
incorporating the second value into the signal.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
obtaining the second value; and
reproducing the protocol state according to the second value.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the protocol state indicates at least one of speed and a capability of the first contactless connector.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the first contactless connector determines the value indicative of the protocol state based on an initial protocol negotiation session between the first device and a second device.