NITRILE-SUBSTITUTED SILANES AND ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITIONS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES CONTAINING THEM
Described herein are liquid, organosilicon compounds that including a substituent that is a cyano (—CN), cyanate (—OCN), isocyanate (—NCO), thiocyanate (—SCN) or isothiocyanate (—NCS). The organosilicon compounds are useful in electrolyte compositions and can be used in any electrochemical device where electrolytes are conventionally used.
1 . Compounds of Formula I or Formula II:
wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are the same or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 to C 6 linear or branched alkyl and halogen, and wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 , or R 3 is halogen;
“Spacer” is absent or is selected from the group consisting of C 1 to C 6 linear or branched alkylene, alkenylene, or alkynylene, provided that when “Spacer” is absent, Y is present;
Y is absent or is selected from the group consisting of —(O—CH 2 —CH 2 ) n — and
wherein each subscript “n” is the same or different and is an integer from 1 to 15, and subscript “x” is an integer from 1 to 15; and
each R 4 is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of cyano (—CN), cyanate (—OCN), isocyanate (—NCO), thiocyanate (—SCN) and isothiocyanate (—NCS).
2 . Compounds of claim 1 , having a structure as shown in Formula I:
3 . Compounds of claim 2 , wherein “Spacer” is present, and Y is —(O—CH 2 —CH 2 ) n —.
4 . Compounds of claim 2 , wherein “Spacer” is present, and Y is
5 . Compounds of claim 2 , wherein “Spacer” is absent, and Y is —(O—CH 2 —CH 2 ) n —.
6 . Compounds of claim 1 , having a structure as shown in Formula II:
7 . A compound of claim 6 , wherein R 1 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of C 1 to C 3 alkyl, chloro, and fluoro.
8 . A compound of claim 6 , wherein R 1 and R 3 are methyl.
9 . A compound of claim 6 , wherein each “n” is independently 1 to 5.
10 . A compound of claim 6 , wherein R 4 is cyano.
11 . Compounds of claim 1 , having a structure as shown in Formula III:
12 . A compound of claim 11 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of C 1 to C 3 alkyl, chloro, and fluoro.
13 . A compound of claim 11 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is halogen.
14 . A compound of claim 11 , wherein at least two of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are halogen.
15 . A compound of claim 11 , wherein “Spacer” is a C 2 to C 4 linear or branched alkylene.
16 . A compound of claim 11 , wherein R 4 is cyano.
17 . Compounds of claim 1 , having a structure as shown in Formula IV:
18 . A compound of claim 17 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of C 1 to C 3 alkyl, chloro, and fluoro.
19 . A compound of claim 17 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is halogen.
20 . A compound of claim 17 , wherein at least two of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are halogen.
21 . A compound of claim 17 , wherein “spacer” is a C 2 to C 4 linear or branched alkylene.
22 . A compound of claim 17 , wherein “x” is 1 to 4.
23 . A compound of claim 17 , wherein R 4 is cyano.
24 . Compounds of claim 1 , having a structure as shown in Formula V:
25 . A compound of claim 24 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of C 1 to C 3 alkyl, chloro, and fluoro.
26 . A compound of claim 24 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is halogen.
27 . A compound of claim 24 , wherein at least two of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are halogen.
28 . A compound of claim 24 , wherein “Spacer” is a C 2 to C 4 linear or branched alkylene.
29 . A compound of claim 24 , wherein “x” is 1 to 4.
30 . A compound of claim 24 , wherein R 4 is cyano.
31 . An electrolyte composition comprising a compound as recited in claim 1 , in combination with a lithium-containing salt.
32 . An electrochemical device comprising an electrolyte composition as recited in claim 31 .
33 . An electrolyte composition comprising a compound as recited in claim 6 , in combination with a lithium-containing salt.
34 . An electrochemical device comprising an electrolyte composition as recited in claim 33 .
35 . An electrolyte composition comprising a compound as recited in claim 11 , in combination with a lithium-containing salt.
36 . An electrochemical device comprising an electrolyte composition as recited in claim 35 .
37 . An electrolyte composition comprising a compound as recited in claim 17 , in combination with a lithium-containing salt.
38 . An electrochemical device comprising an electrolyte composition as recited in claim 37 .
39 . An electrolyte composition comprising a compound as recited in claim 24 , in combination with a lithium-containing salt.
40 . An electrochemical device comprising an electrolyte composition as recited in claim 39 .