Polymeric systems for particle dispersion
Polymeric systems useful for maintaining particle dispersions for extended periods of time.
1. A method for fracturing a subterranean formation, comprising the step of injecting an aqueous fracturing fluid into at least a portion of the subterranean formation at pressures sufficient to fracture the formation, wherein the fracturing fluid comprises a polymer comprising:
at least one hydrophobic monomer selected from the group consisting of octyl (meth)acrylamide, lauryl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylamide, myristyl (meth)acrylate, myristyl (meth)acrylamide, pentadecyl (meth)acrylate, pentadecyl (meth)acrylamide, cetyl (meth)acrylate, cetyl (meth)acrylamide, oleyl (meth)acrylate, oleyl (meth)acrylamide, erucyl (meth)acrylate, erucyl (meth)acrylamide, and combinations thereof; and
at least one hydrophilic monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylate, acrylate salts, acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid salts and combinations thereof,
wherein at least a portion of solid particles are (a) included in the injected aqueous fracturing fluid, (b) contacted with the injected aqueous fracturing fluid within the subterranean formation subsequent to the step of injecting, or (c) both included in the injected aqueous fracturing fluid and contacted with the injected aqueous fracturing fluid within the subterranean formation subsequent to the step of injecting; and
associating the polymer with the portion of the solid particles, in the subterranean formation, and thereby employing the associated polymer as (i) a dispersing and stabilizing agent for dispersion of the particles, and (ii) an agent for control of fluid loss.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises the at least one hydrophilic monomer in a total amount from about 50 wt % to about 99.9 wt % of the polymer.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises the at least one hydrophobic monomer in a total amount from about 0.01 wt % to about 50 wt % of the polymer.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to the step of injecting the aqueous fracturing fluid, the polymer is in a powder form comprising a particle size of from about 5 μm to about 400 μm.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a terminal end position of the polymer comprises a thiocarbonylthio functional group.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer has a molecular weight of from about 10,000 to about 20,000,000.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous fracturing fluid comprises the polymer in an amount ranging from about 0.001 wt % to about 10 wt %, based upon the total weight of the aqueous fracturing fluid.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous fracturing fluid further comprises a surfactant.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.001 wt % to about 50 wt %, based on the weight of the polymer.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the solid particles comprises a proppant.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the proppant is present in an amount ranging from about 20 wt % to about 60 wt %, based on the total weight of the aqueous fracturing fluid.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the aqueous fracturing fluid suspends the proppant at a temperature of about 68° F. to about 350° F.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises injecting a breaker into at least a portion of the subterranean formation.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the breaker is selected from the group consisting of peroxides, persulfates, peracids, bromates, chlorates, chlorites, and combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous fracturing fluid comprises a fluid selected from the group consisting of fresh water, sea water, brines, salt water, produced water, recycled water, industrial waste water, waste water associated with oil production, and combinations thereof.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises the at least one hydrophilic monomer in a total amount from about 80 wt % to about 99.9 wt % of the polymer; wherein the polymer comprises the at least one hydrophobic monomer in a total amount from about 0.01 wt % to about 20 wt % of the polymer; wherein the aqueous fracturing fluid comprises the polymer in an amount ranging from about 0.001 wt % to about 10 wt %, based upon the total weight of the aqueous fracturing fluid; and wherein the aqueous fracturing fluid is capable of suspending particles for a period of 24 hours.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one hydrophobic monomer is selected from the group consisting of:
lauryl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylamide, myristyl (meth)acrylate, myristyl (meth)acrylamide, pentadecyl (meth)acrylate, pentadecyl(meth)acrylamide, cetyl (meth)acrylate, cetyl (meth)acrylamide, oleyl (meth)acrylate, oleyl (meth)acrylamide, erucyl (meth)acrylate, erucyl (meth)acrylamide, and combinations thereof.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous fracturing fluid further comprises ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous fracturing fluid consists essentially of:
the polymer;
an aqueous fluid;
the portion of the solid particles;
at least one additive selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, a hydrating surfactant, a clay stabilizer, corrosion inhibitors, iron control agents, calcium sulfate inhibitors, scale inhibitors, a mutual solvent, non-emulsifiers, anti-slug agents, and combinations thereof,
wherein the hydrating surfactant is selected from the group consisting of tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate and EO/PO block copolymers.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the mutual solvent is ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the polymer is formed by micellar polymerization.