Systems and methods for suppressing chromium poisoning in fuel cells
A fuel cell assembly includes a fuel cell stack including a plurality of fuel cells, an incoming oxidizing gas flow path configured to deliver an oxidizing gas to the plurality of fuel cells, and a chromium-getter material located in the incoming oxidizing flow path. A fuel cell includes an electrolyte, a cathode electrode on a first side of the electrolyte, an anode electrode on a second side of the electrolyte, and a chromium-getter material on the cathode electrode.
1. A fuel cell assembly, comprising:
a fuel cell stack comprising fuel cells separated by interconnects;
an incoming oxidizing gas flow path configured to deliver an oxidizing gas to the fuel cell stack;
a substrate disposed upstream of the fuel cell stack in the gas flow path with respect to a flow direction of the oxidizing gas, the substrate comprising gas flow passages that extend through the substrate; and
a chromium-getter material coated on the substrate and configured to getter chromium species from the oxidizing gas before the oxidizing gas enters the fuel cell stack.
2. The fuel cell assembly of claim 1 , wherein the chromium-getter material is coated inside of the gas flow passages or on a surface of the substrate.
3. The fuel cell assembly of claim 2 , wherein the substrate comprises a ceramic material, and wherein the ceramic material is cordierite, alumina, zirconia, or silica.
4. The fuel cell assembly of claim 2 , wherein the gas flow passages are arranged in a honeycomb configuration or the gas flow passages have a tortuous path configuration.
5. The fuel cell assembly of claim 2 , wherein the fuel cell stack is part of a column of fuel cell stacks, wherein the column of fuel cell stacks is externally manifolded for air and comprises fuel manifolds protruding between fuel cell stacks in the column.
6. The fuel cell assembly of claim 5 , wherein:
the substrate comprises a ceramic substrate that is attached to the fuel cell stack between the fuel manifolds; and
the gas flow passages extend through the substrate perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the column of fuel cell stacks.
7. The fuel cell assembly of claim 1 , wherein the chromium-getter material comprises at least one of LSM, MCO, LSCo, LSCF, and LSF.
8. The fuel cell assembly of claim 7 , wherein the chromium-getter material comprises MCO.
9. The fuel cell assembly of claim 8 , wherein the chromium-getter material comprises Mn 2−x Co 1+x O 4±0.1 (0≤x≤1).
10. The fuel cell assembly of claim 1 , wherein each of the fuel cells comprises:
an electrolyte;
a cathode electrode on a first side of the electrolyte; and
an anode electrode on a second side of the electrolyte.
11. A fuel cell assembly, comprising:
a fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of fuel cells;
an incoming oxidizing gas flow path configured to deliver an oxidizing gas to the plurality of fuel cells; and
a chromium-getter material located in the incoming oxidizing gas flow path,
wherein the chromium-getter material is coated on a substrate inside at least one gas flow passage through the substrate; and
wherein the at least one gas flow passage is arranged in a honeycomb configuration or the at least one gas flow passage has a tortuous path configuration.
12. The fuel cell assembly of claim 11 , wherein the at least one gas flow passage is arranged in the honeycomb configuration.
13. The fuel cell assembly of claim 11 , wherein the at least one gas flow passage has the tortuous path configuration.
14. A fuel cell assembly, comprising:
a fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of fuel cells;
an incoming oxidizing gas flow path configured to deliver an oxidizing gas to the plurality of fuel cells; and
a chromium-getter material located in the incoming oxidizing gas flow path,
wherein the chromium-getter material is coated on a substrate inside at least one gas flow passage through the substrate;
wherein the fuel cell stack is part of a column of fuel cell stacks; and
wherein the column of fuel cell stacks is externally manifolded for air and comprises fuel manifolds protruding between fuel cell stacks in the column.