Divalent brine fluids having improved rheology and multifunctional properties
A method of improving rheological properties of a divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid at an elevated temperature comprises adding to the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid a rheological modifier, which comprises a carboxylic acid ester, or a phosphate ester blended with an ethoxylated glycol, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing in an amount effective to improve the rheological properties of the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid at a temperature of greater than about 200° F. The divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid comprises calcium bromide, calcium chloride, zinc bromide, zinc chloride, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
1. A method of improving rheological properties of a divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid at an elevated temperature, the method comprising:
adding to the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid a rheological modifier comprising a carboxylic acid ester, or a phosphate ester blended with an ethoxylated glycol, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing in an amount effective to improve the rheological properties of the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid at a temperature of greater than about 200° F., and a pH modifier stabilizer comprising a diamine,
wherein the rheological modifier is added to the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid in an amount of about 0.5 to about 4 pounds of the rheological modifier per barrel of the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid,
the ethoxylated glycol comprising ethoxylated ethylene glycol ethoxylated propylene glycol ethoxylated glycerin, ethoxylated polyethylene glycol ethoxylated polypropylene glycol or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing,
the phosphate ester being a hydrocarbyl polvether phosphate ester optionally comprising one or two hydroxyl groups directly attached to phosphorus,
the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid comprising about 10 to about 18 pounds per gallons of calcium bromide, calcium chloride, or a combination thereof, and
the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid has a pH of greater than about 7.5.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding one or more of the following additional component to the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid: a fluid loss control agent; a lubricant; a pH modifier; a viscosifier; or a weighting agent.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rheological properties comprise yield point, low-shear-rate-viscosity, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the addition of the rheological modifier further improves the fluid loss control and lubricity of the divalent based downhole treatment fluid.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH stabilizer comprises ethylene diamine and about 1 to about 5 wt. % of a polyimidazoline, based on the total weight of the pH stabilizer.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid has a yield point of about 20 lb/100 ft 2 to about 40 lb/100 ft 2 and a plastic viscosity of 26 cP to 38 cP, each determined by OFITE 900 viscometer at 120 ° F., after hot rolled the fluid at 250 ° F.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid has a low shear rate viscosity of greater than 10,000 cP measured by Brookfield viscometer using spindle S62 at 0.5 rpm.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid has a lubricity coefficient of less than 0.13 measured by an OFITE Lubricity Meter.