Fuel cell assembly including varied flow resistance
An illustrative example fuel cell assembly includes at least one cooler and a plurality of fuel cells each having an anode and a cathode. Each of the anodes includes an anode flow plate configured to allow fuel to flow through the anode. The anode flow plates have a respective flow resistance that varies among at least some of the anodes based on a distance between the corresponding anode and the cooler.
1. A fuel cell assembly, comprising:
a first cooler;
a second cooler; and
a plurality of fuel cells arranged in a stack situated between the first cooler and the second cooler, each of the fuel cells having an anode and a cathode, each of the anodes including an anode flow plate configured to allow fuel to flow through the anode, the anode flow plates having a respective flow resistance that varies among at least some of the anodes based on a distance between the corresponding anode and the first cooler or the second cooler, the anode flow plate of a first one of the anodes near one end of the stack and closer to the first cooler than others of the anodes having a first flow resistance, the anode flow plate of a second one of the anodes near a middle of the stack having a second flow resistance that is greater than the first flow resistance, the anode flow plate of a third one of the anode flow plates near an opposite end of the stack and closer to the second cooler than others of the anodes having a third flow resistance that is less than the second flow resistance.
2. The fuel cell assembly of claim 1 , wherein
the respective flow resistance of each anode flow plate affects flow of fuel through the corresponding anode;
the flow of fuel has a corresponding liquid electrolyte loss rate; and
the liquid electrolyte loss rate is essentially equal in each of the first anode flow plate, the second anode flow plate and the third anode flow plate.
3. The fuel cell assembly of claim 1 , wherein
the respective anodes include a zone where an electrochemical reaction occurs to generate electricity;
the first flow resistance is in the zone of the first one of the anodes;
the second flow resistance is in the zone of the second one of the anodes; and
the third flow resistance is in the zone of the third one of the anodes.
4. The fuel cell assembly of claim 1 , wherein
the anode flow plates respectively include a plurality of flow channels; and
the first, second and third flow resistances are established by a configuration of the flow channels.
5. The fuel cell assembly of claim 4 , wherein
the anode flow plate of the first one of the anodes includes flow channels having a first flow dimension, respectively;
the anode flow plate of the second one of the anodes includes flow channels having a second flow dimension, respectively; and
the second flow dimension is smaller than the first flow dimension.
6. The fuel cell assembly of claim 5 , wherein the first and second flow dimension each comprise at least one of a depth and a width of the corresponding flow channel.
7. The fuel cell assembly of claim 5 , wherein the first and second flow dimension each comprise a cross-sectional area of the corresponding flow channels.
8. The fuel cell assembly of claim 1 , comprising an electrolyte acid and wherein
the different flow resistances of the respective at least some of the anodes causes a first amount of the electrolyte acid in the first one of the anodes to correspond to a second amount of the electrolyte acid in the second one of the anodes.
9. The fuel cell assembly of claim 8 , wherein the first amount of the electrolyte acid is equal to the second amount of the electrolyte acid.
10. The fuel cell assembly of claim 1 , wherein
the first flow resistance is equal to the third flow resistance.
11. The fuel cell assembly of claim 10 , wherein
the flow resistance of the anode flow plate of a fourth one of the anodes is greater than the second flow resistance of the anode flow plate of the second one of the anodes; and
the anode flow plate of the fourth one of the anodes is further from the first cooler than the second one of the anodes.
12. The fuel cell assembly of claim 1 , wherein
the anode flow plates respectively include a plurality of flow channels; and
the varied flow resistance is established by a varied configuration of the flow channels among the at least some of the anodes.
13. The fuel cell assembly of claim 12 , wherein
the anode flow plate of the first one of the anodes includes flow channels having a first flow dimension, respectively;
the anode flow plate of the second one of the anodes includes flow channels having a second flow dimension, respectively; and
the second flow dimension is smaller than the first flow dimension.
14. The fuel cell assembly of claim 13 , wherein the first and second flow dimension each comprise at least one of a cross-sectional area, a depth and a width of the corresponding flow channel.
15. A method of operating a fuel cell assembly having a plurality of anodes, the method comprising:
establishing a first fuel flow resistance through at least a portion of a first one of the anodes; and
establishing an equal liquid electrolyte loss rate of the first one of the anodes and a second one of the anodes by establishing a second, different fuel flow resistance through at least a portion of the second one of the anodes based on a difference in an expected operating temperature of the second one of the anodes and an expected operating temperature of the first one of the anodes.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein
the first one of the anodes has a first operating temperature;
the second one of the anodes has a second operating temperature;
the second operating temperature is greater than the first operating temperature; and
the second fuel flow resistance is greater than the first fuel flow resistance.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein establishing the first fuel flow resistance and establishing the second fuel flow resistance comprises establishing a configuration of at least some flow channels of an anode flow plate of a corresponding one of the anodes.
18. The method of claim 15 , comprising
establishing an equal liquid electrolyte loss rate of the second one of the anodes and a third one of the anodes by establishing a third, different fuel flow resistance through at least a portion of the third one of the anodes based on difference in an expected operating temperature of the third one of the anodes and the expected operating temperature of the second one of the anodes.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein
the plurality of anodes are arranged in a stack;
a first cooler is situated near one end of the stack;
a second cooler is situated near an opposite end of the stack;
the first one of the anodes is closer to the first cooler than the second one of the anodes and the third one of the anodes;
the third one of the anodes is closer to the second cooler than the second one of the anodes and the first one of the anodes;
the second fuel flow resistance is greater than the first fuel flow resistance; and
the second fuel flow resistance is greater than the third fuel flow resistance.
20. A fuel cell assembly, comprising:
a stack including a plurality of cells respectively including at least an electrolyte layer, an anode flow plate on one side of the electrolyte layer, and a cathode flow plate on an opposite side of the electrolyte layer; and
a plurality of coolers, each of the coolers being situated at an end of the stack with a first one of the cells closer to the cooler than a second one of the cells;
wherein
the anode flow plates respectively include a plurality of flow channels that establish a flow capacity of at least a portion of the anode flow plate,
the second one of the cells is near a middle of the stack,
the flow channels of the anode flow plate of each of the first ones of the cells establish a first flow capacity,
the flow channels of the anode flow plate of the second one of the cells establish a second flow capacity, and
the first flow capacity is greater than the second flow capacity.