Additive manufacturing with heat-flexed material feeding
In additive manufacturing, a composite build material filament and a release material filament are dropped from respective spools to a print head. Each of the composite build material filament and the release material filament includes a metal or ceramic powder plus a binder. On the spools and over the drop height, the filaments are heated to a temperature that flexes the filaments but does not soften them to a breaking point. The drop height is of similar linear scale to the build plate. The materials are debound and sintered.
1. A method of additive manufacturing, comprising:
maintaining a first spool of a build material filament in a chamber, the build material filament comprising a matrix including one or more binder components and more than 50% by volume of sinterable powdered metal;
maintaining a second spool of a release material filament in the chamber, the release material filament comprising a second binder and a powdered ceramic;
dropping the build material filament over a drop height in the chamber from the first spool to a print head assembly;
dropping the release material filament over the drop height from the second spool to the print head assembly;
directly heating, with heated air from a heater in the chamber, the build material filament on the first spool and along the drop height to a temperature lower than a glass transition temperature of a softening component of the one or more binder components to flex the build material filament;
depositing layers of the build material filament and the release material filament above a build plate, the drop height being substantially equal to or longer than a diagonal of the build plate;
debinding at least one of the one or more binder components in the matrix and the second binder with a solvent to form a brown part assembly including each of the build material filament and the release material filament; and
sintering the brown part assembly while decomposing the release material to a release powder.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the build material filament dropped along the drop height has a bend radius of more than 10 cm.
3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising heating the build plate by a build plate heater to 50-120 degrees C.
4. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising:
positioning the build plate below the drop height;
heating the build plate; and
providing heated air from the build plate to the chamber.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein directly heating the build material filament on the first spool and along the drop height includes drawing, with the heater, the heated air from the build plate into the chamber.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more binder components includes a polymer in addition to the softening component, and the softening component includes a solvent-extractable non-polymer component selected from a wax, a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester, a fatty alcohol, an alkane, a petrolatum, a naphthalene, a glycol, and a glycerol.
7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
laterally transporting the print head assembly to traverse a print area of more than 50% of the surface area of the build plate, so that the build material filament is unwound from the first spool by the lateral transporting of the print head assembly.
8. The method according to claim 7 , further comprising:
guiding the build material filament with a flexible Bowden tube leading to the print head assembly, the flexible Bowden tube being less than ⅓ of the drop height.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the build material filament cross sectional diameter is more than 0.5 mm but less than 2 mm.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein a cross sectional diameter of the build material filament is equal to or less than substantially 1 mm, and the temperature is greater than 40 degrees C.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the temperature is greater than 50 degrees C. and less than substantially 55 degrees C.