Decontamination compositions and methods of decontamination
Decontamination compositions useful to decontaminate potentially toxic materials, such as PAH and others, present on clothing comprise an aqueous solution of a water soluble cerium salt or a dispersion of cerium oxide in water. The decontamination composition may optionally include at least one of an oxidizer, a surfactant, a co-solvent, a chelating agent, and a polymer. Methods of decontaminating clothing involve applying the decontamination composition to the clothing.
1. A decontamination composition comprising:
an aqueous solution of a water soluble cerium salt or a dispersion of cerium oxide in water;
an oxidizer comprising hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium percarbonate, or combinations thereof; and
an activator for the oxidizer when the oxidizer is hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite, or an optional activator when the oxidizer is sodium percarbonate;
wherein a concentration of cerium ions in the decontamination composition is in a range from 1 to 500 ppm.
2. The composition of claim 1 further comprising at least one of a surfactant, a co-solvent, a chelating agent, and a polymer.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises the activator for the oxidizer and wherein the activator comprises tetraacetoxy ethylene diamine (TAED), sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, silver acetate, silver nitrate, manganese acetate, copper acetate, iron (II) sulfate, iron (III) sulfate, or combinations thereof.
4. The composition of claim 2 wherein the composition comprises the surfactant and wherein the surfactant comprises a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, or combinations thereof.
5. The composition of claim 2 wherein the composition comprises the surfactant and wherein the surfactant comprises a poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide), a poly(ethylene oxide-b-butylene oxide), a sorbitol ester of a fatty acid, an ethoxylated fatty alcohol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl benzene sulfonate, a poly acrylic acid, a sulfate based surfactant, a sulfonate based surfactant, a benzalkonium salt, a polyquaternium, a poly(vinyl pyridine) co-N,N dimethyl ethyl methacrylate, or combinations thereof.
6. The composition of claim 2 wherein the composition comprises the co-solvent and wherein the co-solvent comprises ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, or combinations thereof.
7. The composition of claim 2 wherein the composition comprises the chelating agent and wherein the chelating agent comprises citric acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, or combinations thereof.
8. The composition of claim 2 wherein the composition comprises the polymer and wherein the polymer comprises a polyacrylic acid, a poly (acrylic acid-co-methyl vinyl ether), a polyvinyl pyrrolidone, a polyvinyl pyridine, a polyoxazolidone and a polyoxazolidone copolymer, or combinations thereof.
9. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 10 wt % oxidizer, 0.01 to 10 wt % activator, 0 to 2 wt % surfactant, 0 to 30 wt % co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt % polymer.
10. The composition of claim 1 wherein the cerium salt comprises ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate, ammonium cerium(IV) sulfate hydrate, cerium(III) carbonate hydrate, cerium(III) chloride heptahydrate, cerium(IV) fluoride, cerium(IV) hydroxide, cerium(IV) nitrate hexahydrate, cerium(III) sulfate hydrate, or combinations thereof.
11. A decontamination composition consisting essentially of;
an aqueous solution of a water soluble cerium salt;
an oxidizer comprising hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium percarbonate, or combinations thereof;
an activator for the oxidizer; and
at least one of a surfactant, a co-solvent, a chelating agent, and a polymer.
12. The composition of claim 11 wherein the composition comprises 1 to 500 ppm cerium salt, 1 to 10 wt % oxidizer, 0.01 to 10 wt % activator, 0 to 2 wt % surfactant, 0 to 30 wt % co-solvent, 0 to 1 wt % chelating agent, and 0 to 5 wt % polymer, and wherein the amount of at least one of the surfactant, the co-solvent, the chelating agent, or the polymer is greater than 0.
13. A method of decontaminating clothing comprising:
applying a decontamination composition to clothing containing toxic materials, PAH, or both, the decontamination composition comprising an aqueous solution of a water soluble cerium salt or a dispersion of cerium oxide in water;
an oxidizer comprising hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium percarbonate, or combinations thereof; and
an activator for the oxidizer when the oxidizer is hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite or an optional activator when the oxidizer is sodium percarbonate;
wherein a concentration of cerium ions in the decontamination composition is in a range from 1 to 500 ppm.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein at least 50% of the toxic materials, PAH, or both are removed or converted to a less toxic material or a benign material or both.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the method of applying the decontamination composition comprises spraying, dipping, pouring, wiping, scrubbing, or combinations thereof.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein at least 90% of the toxic materials, PAH, or both are removed or converted to a less toxic or benign material or both.
17. The method of claim 13 wherein the decontamination composition is applied at a temperature in a range of 4° C. to 30° C.
18. The method of claim 13 further comprising removing the decontamination composition from the clothing after decontamination.
19. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition consists essentially of the aqueous solution of the water soluble cerium salt or the dispersion of cerium oxide in water; the oxidizer; the activator; and at least one of a surfactant, a co-solvent, a chelating agent, and a polymer.