Solids-Producing Siphoning Exchanger

1 . A method for removing a vapor from a gas comprising:

passing a contact fluid through a siphoning device, wherein the siphoning device comprises a contact fluid inlet, a carrier fluid inlet, and an outlet, and wherein the contact fluid passes through the contact fluid inlet, inducing a siphon in the carrier fluid inlet;

siphoning a carrier fluid through the carrier fluid inlet and into the contact fluid, the carrier fluid comprising a first component;

mixing the carrier fluid and the contact fluid, wherein mixing produces a product solid, wherein the product solid is produced from the first component by desublimation, condensation, solidification, crystallization, precipitation, reaction with the contact fluid, or a combination thereof of at least a portion of the first component; and

passing the product solid through the outlet.

2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein mixing further produces a warm contact fluid and a component-depleted carrier fluid, wherein the warm contact fluid is produced by the carrier fluid transferring heat to the contact fluid, and wherein the component-depleted carrier fluid is produced when at least a portion of the first component is removed from the carrier fluid.

3 . The process of claim 2 , further comprising passing the product solid, the warm contact fluid, and the component-depleted carrier fluid through a converging/diverging nozzle.

4 . The process of claim 3 , wherein the converging-diverging nozzle comprises a variable-diameter throat.

5 . The process of claim 1 , further comprising passing the warm contact fluid and the product solid out a liquid outlet and passing the component-depleted carrier fluid out a gas outlet, wherein the outlet splits into the gas outlet and the liquid outlet.

6 . The process of claim 5 , further comprising passing the product solid and the warm contact fluid through a solid-liquid separator and separating the product solid from the warm contact fluid.

7 . The process of claim 5 , wherein the solid-liquid separator comprises a filtering screw press.

8 . The process of claim 5 , wherein the outlet comprises vortex chamber walls, the vortex chamber walls comprising mesh, membranes, or a combination thereof.

9 . The process of claim 1 , further comprising passing the product solid, the warm contact fluid, and the component-depleted carrier fluid through a diverging/converging nozzle.

10 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the siphoning device comprises a plurality of carrier fluid inlets.

11 . The process of claim 1 , further comprising recycling a portion of the product solid to the contact fluid inlet.

12 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the contact fluid comprises water, hydrocarbons, liquid ammonia, liquid carbon dioxide, cryogenic liquids, high-temperature liquids, or a combination thereof.

13 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbons comprise 1,1,3-trimethylcyclopentane, 1,4-pentadiene, 1,5-hexadiene, 1-butene, 1-methyl-1-ethylcyclopentane, 1-pentene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methyl-1,4-pentadiene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, 3-methylpentane, 4-methyl-1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methylcyclopentene, 4-methyl-trans-2-pentene, bromochlorodifluoromethane, bromodifluoromethane, bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, cis 2-hexene, cis-1,3-pentadiene, cis-2-hexene, cis-2-pentene, dichlorodifluoromethane, difluoromethyl ether, trifluoromethyl ether, dimethyl ether, ethyl fluoride, ethyl mercaptan, hexafluoropropylene, isobutane, isobutene, isobutyl mercaptan, isopentane, isoprene, methyl isopropyl ether, methylcyclohexane, methylcyclopentane, methylcyclopropane, n,n-diethylmethylamine, octafluoropropane, pentafluoroethyl trifluorovinyl ether, propane, sec-butyl mercaptan, trans-2-pentene, trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether, vinyl chloride, bromotrifluoromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, dimethyl silane, ketene, methyl silane, perchloryl fluoride, propylene, vinyl fluoride, or a combination thereof.

14 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the carrier fluid comprises flue gas, syngas, producer gas, natural gas, steam reforming gas, hydrocarbons, light gases, refinery off-gases, organic solvents, steam, ammonia, or a combination thereof.

15 . A siphoning device comprising:

a chamber;

a contact fluid nozzle, wherein the contact fluid nozzle directs a contact fluid into the chamber and through an outlet;

a carrier fluid inlet, wherein the carrier fluid inlet draws a carrier fluid into the chamber due to a siphoning effect from the contact fluid passing through the chamber, wherein the carrier fluid comprises a first component, wherein the carrier fluid and the contact fluid mix in the chamber, and wherein at least a portion of the first component desublimates, condenses, solidifies, crystallizes, precipitates, reacts, or a combination thereof in the contact liquid, producing a product solid; and

the outlet, wherein the outlet passes the product solid out of the siphoning device.

16 . The siphoning device of claim 15 , wherein the outlet is a converging/diverging nozzle.

17 . The siphoning device of claim 15 , further comprising a liquid-gas separator attached to the outlet.

18 . The siphoning device of claim 17 , wherein the liquid-gas separator comprises vortex chamber walls, the vortex chamber walls comprising mesh, membranes, or a combination thereof.

19 . The siphoning device of claim 18 , further comprising a solid-liquid separator.

20 . The siphoning device of claim 19 , wherein the solid-liquid separator comprises a filtering screw press.