Systems and methods for a soft switching DC-DC converter
Systems and methods are provided for a soft switching topology for a direct current (DC)-DC converter. The systems and methods determine an operational status of an electric motor, and activate at least one of an upper or lower first or second semiconductor switches based on an operation of the electric motor. The first and second switching circuits are conductively coupled to a power inverter circuit. The systems and methods include deliver an adjusted voltage to one of the power inverter circuit or a power circuit based on the operational status of the electric motor.
1. A soft switching system for a direct current (DC)-DC converter comprising:
a DC bus;
a power source;
a buck/boost converter coupled between the power source and the DC bus, the buck/boost converter comprising:
a first switching circuit coupled to the DC bus, the first switching circuit having an upper first semiconductor switch, a lower first semiconductor switch, and a first node interposed therebetween;
a second switching circuit coupled to the DC bus, the second switching circuit having an upper second semiconductor switch, a lower second semiconductor switch, and a second node interposed therebetween;
a coupling circuit coupled between the first and second nodes, the second switching circuit configured to control charging and discharging of the coupling circuit to allow for soft switching of the first switching circuit and second switching circuit; and
a power circuit coupled between the first node and the power source, the power circuit configured to store electrical energy and discharge electrical energy.
2. The soft switching system of claim 1 , further comprising a controller circuit coupled to the first and second switching circuits, the controller circuit configured to activate at least one of the upper first semiconductor switch, lower first semiconductor switch, upper second semiconductor switch, and lower second semiconductor switch based on an operation of an electric motor.
3. The soft switching system of claim 2 , wherein the power circuit is configured to hold a voltage across at least one of the lower first semiconductor switch and lower second semiconductor switch such that the controller circuit activates the lower semiconductor switch at a zero voltage switching.
4. The soft switching system of claim 2 , wherein the power circuit is configured to hold a voltage across at least one of the upper first semiconductor switch and upper second semiconductor switch such that the controller circuit activates the upper semiconductor switch at a zero voltage switching.
5. The soft switching system of claim 1 , wherein the first switching circuit, second switching circuit, coupling circuit, and power circuit are configured to operate in a discontinuous conduction mode.
6. The soft switching system of claim 2 , wherein the controller circuit is configured to operate the first switching circuit and second switching circuit to boost a voltage received by the power circuit.
7. The soft switching system of claim 2 , wherein the controller circuit is configured to operate the first switching circuit and second switching circuit to reduce a voltage received by a power inverter circuit.
8. The soft switching system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a third switching circuit having an upper third semiconductor switch, a lower third semiconductor switch, and a third node coupled therebetween; and
a resonant circuit coupled between the second node and a third node, the resonant circuit configured to transfer energy stored in the coupling circuit to allow for soft switching of the third switching circuit.
9. The soft switching system of claim 8 , further comprising a controller circuit coupled to the first, second, and third switching circuits, the controller circuit configured to activate at least one of the upper first semiconductor switch, lower first semiconductor switch, upper second semiconductor switch, lower second semiconductor switch, upper third semiconductor switch, and lower third semiconductor switch based on an operation of an electric motor.
10. The soft switching system of claim 8 , wherein the first switching circuit, second switching circuit, third switching circuit, coupling circuit, and power circuit are configured to operate in a discontinuous conduction mode or a continuous conduction mode.
11. The soft switching system of claim 1 , wherein the power circuit comprises an inductor coupled to a power source.
12. The soft switching system of claim 1 , wherein the first switching circuit and second switching circuit are operated at different phases with respect to each other.
13. A method for soft switching a buck/boost direct current (DC)-DC converter, the buck/boost DC-DC converter including a first switching circuit, a second switching circuit, a coupling circuit coupled between the first switching circuit and second switching circuit, and a power circuit coupled to the first switching circuit, the method comprising:
determining an operational status of an electric motor;
controlling an upper first semiconductor switch and lower first semiconductor switch of the first switching circuit and upper second semiconductor switch and lower second semiconductor switch of the second switching circuit based on the operational status of the electric motor;
storing electrical energy of the coupling circuit when the lower first switch is deactivated and discharging electrical energy of the coupling circuit when the upper first switch is deactivated to allow for soft switching of the first switching circuit and second switching circuit; and
delivering an adjusted voltage to one of the electric motor and the power circuit based on the operational status of the electric motor.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising holding a voltage across at least one of the upper first semiconductor switch, lower first semiconductor switch, upper second semiconductor switch, and lower second semiconductor switch such that the activation operation represents a zero voltage switching.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising operating the first switching circuit, second switching circuit, coupling circuit, and power circuit in a discontinuous conduction mode.
16. The soft switching system of claim 1 , wherein the coupling circuit comprises a snubber circuit.
17. The soft switching system of claim 8 , wherein the resonant circuit comprises an inductor.
18. The soft switching system of claim 12 , wherein the coupling circuit comprises an inductor coupled to a capacitor.
19. The soft switching system of claim 12 , wherein the power circuit comprises at least two inductors coupled in parallel to each other.
20. A soft switching system for a direct current (DC)-DC converter comprising:
a DC bus;
a buck/boost converter coupled to the DC bus, the buck/boost converter comprising:
a first switching circuit coupled to the DC bus, the first switching circuit having an upper first semiconductor switch, a lower first semiconductor switch, and a first node interposed therebetween;
a second switching circuit coupled to the DC bus, the second switching circuit having an upper second semiconductor switch, a lower second semiconductor switch, and a second node interposed therebetween;
a coupling circuit coupled between the first and second nodes, the coupling circuit comprising a snubber circuit, the second switching circuit configured to control charging and discharging of the coupling circuit to allow for soft switching of the first switching circuit and second switching circuit; and
a power circuit coupled to the first node, the power circuit comprising an inductor and configured to store electrical energy and discharge electrical energy.