Gastrointestinal tract detection methods, devices and systems
The present disclosure relates to gastrointestinal (GI) tract detection methods, devices and systems.
1. A device, comprising:
a diffractive optics sensor, comprising:
a diffraction grating;
an analyte-binding agent linked to a surface of the diffraction grating, wherein the analyte-binding agent is capable of binding to the analyte; and
a detector configured to detect light diffracted by the diffraction grating,
wherein:
the device is configured so that, when the analyte is bound to the analyte-binding agent, a diffraction pattern of light diffracted by the diffraction grating changes;
at least one of the following holds:
the device further comprises a light source configured so that light emitted by the light source impinges on the diffraction grating with an angle of incidence of from 30° to 80° measured from the surface of the diffraction grating;
the diffraction grating comprises a series of grooves comprising adjacent recessed portions, and raised portions of the grooves have a depth from about 1 nm to about 1000 nm;
the diffraction grating has a period of from 0.5 micron to 50 microns;
the diffraction pattern comprises light in a plurality of diffraction orders, and the detector detects an intensity of light in one or more of the diffraction orders; and
the device is an ingestible device.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the change in the diffraction pattern comprises a change in an intensity of light diffracted by the diffraction grating.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein a magnitude of the change in the intensity of light diffracted by the diffraction grating is indicative of the concentration of the analyte in the sample.
4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a light source configured so that light emitted by the light source impinges on the diffraction grating with an angle of incidence 60° measured from surface.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the light source is configured to generate light having a wavelength of 670 nm.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the diffraction grating has a period of 15 μm.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the diffraction grating comprises a series of grooves comprising adjacent recessed portions and wherein raised portions of the grooves have a depth from about 1 nm to about 1000 nm.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the diffraction pattern comprises light in a plurality of diffraction orders, and the detector detects an intensity of light in one or more of the diffraction orders.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the diffraction optics are configured for total internal reflection.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the analyte comprises a member selected from the group consisting of a biomolecule, a microorganism, a therapeutic agent, a drug, a biomarker, a pesticide, a pollutant, fragments thereof, and metabolites thereof.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the analyte comprises a member selected from the group consisting of a protein, a nucleic acid, a steroid, a polysaccharide, and a metabolite.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the analyte comprises a bile acid or a bile acid salt.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein the analyte comprises an antibiotic.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the analyte is associated with a disease, a disorder, or a pathogen.
15. A method, comprising:
operating an ingestible device within the GI tract of a subject to detect an analyte,
wherein the ingestible device is a device according to claim 1 .
16. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a light source configured so that light emitted by the light source impinges on the diffraction grating with an angle of incidence of from 40° to 80° measured from the surface of the diffraction grating.
17. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a light source configured so that light emitted by the light source impinges on the diffraction grating with an angle of incidence of from 50° to 70° measured from the surface of the diffraction grating.
18. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a light source configured so that light emitted by the light source impinges on the diffraction grating with an angle of incidence of from 55° to 65° measured from the surface of the diffraction grating.
19. The device of claim 1 , wherein the diffraction grating has a period of from 0.5 micron to 50 microns.
20. The device of claim 1 , wherein the diffraction grating comprises a series of grooves comprising adjacent recessed portions, and raised portions of the grooves have a depth from about 200 nm to about 300 nm.
21. The device of claim 1 , wherein the detector detects an intensity of diffracted light in a fifth diffraction order.
22. A device, comprising:
a light source; and
a diffractive optics sensor, comprising:
a diffraction grating;
an analyte-binding agent linked to a surface of the diffraction grating, wherein the analyte-binding agent is capable of binding to the analyte; and
a detector configured to detect light diffracted by the diffraction grating,
wherein:
the device is configured so that, when the analyte is bound to the analyte-binding agent, a diffraction pattern of light diffracted by the diffraction grating changes;
at least one of the following holds:
the light source is configured so that light emitted by the light source impinges on the diffraction grating with an angle of incidence of from 30° to 80° measured from the surface of the diffraction grating;
the diffraction grating has a period of from 0.5 micron to 50 microns;
the diffraction grating comprises a series of grooves comprising adjacent recessed portions, and raised portions of the grooves have a depth from about 200 nm to about 300 nm;
the detector detects an intensity of diffracted light in a fifth diffraction order; and
the device is an ingestible device.