Electroosmotic convection-enhanced delivery system
Apparatuses and methods for electrokinetic transport of fluids to patients. Drug-containing solutions may be placed in vial-like reservoir, which is connected to an apparatus such as a traditional catheter or other device capable of holding a drug-containing solution. Instead of a vial-like reservoir, a doped infusion pad or a gel may be used as a source of the drug-containing solution. The reservoir and apparatus may thus be the same component. The methods and apparatuses disclosed herein may also be used to transport fluid alone to achieve a clinical effect. The apparatus is placed at the point of drug delivery. The counter-electrode may be placed in or on a patient. Current is passed from the reservoir to the counter-electrode. Through electrokinetic transport, drug-containing solution is delivered along a current path from the drug source to the counter-electrode. A hollow fiber catheter for use in electrokinetic transport is also disclosed.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a hollow fiber defining a fluid passage and terminating at a blunt end that is insertable into target tissue;
a fluid reservoir;
an electrode;
an electrode compartment adapted to accept a terminus of the electrode;
a separator situated between the electrode compartment and the fluid reservoir;
a catheter fluidically coupled to a second end of the hollow fiber opposite the blunt end and to the fluid reservoir so that the fluid passage defined by the hollow fiber is fluidically coupled by the catheter to the fluid reservoir;
a support rod situated in lumens of at least one of the hollow fiber and the catheter; and
a counter-electrode electrically couplable to the target tissue; and
a current source coupled to the electrode and the counter-electrode and operable to pass an electric current from the fluid reservoir to the counter-electrode to deliver a fluid in the fluid reservoir to the tissue.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the hollow fiber defines the fluid passage with a methacrylate-, acrylate-, or sulfonate-containing polymer.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the hollow fiber is porous.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a tube connecting the fluid reservoir to the catheter, wherein the tube fluidically couples the fluid reservoir to the blunt end of the hollow fiber.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the support rod is situated in the lumen of the hollow fiber.
6. An apparatus, comprising:
a vial;
a separator situated within the vial and defining a reservoir and an electrode compartment, wherein a fluid opening is defined in a first end of the reservoir and a second end of the reservoir is coupled to the separator;
an electrode having a terminus situated in the electrode compartment;
a catheter having a proximal end fluidically coupled to the fluid opening in the first end of the reservoir;
a hollow fiber having a first end fluidically coupled to a distal end of the catheter and a second end implantable in a tissue;
a counter-electrode electrically couplable to the tissue; and
a current source coupled to the electrode having the terminus situated in the electrode compartment and the counter-electrode and operable to pass an electric current from the reservoir to the counter-electrode to deliver a fluid in the reservoir to the tissue.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the electrode compartment contains a buffer solution and the terminus of the electrode is situated in the buffer solution.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the fluid in the reservoir is a drug-containing solution.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the drug-containing solution includes drug in a formulation of nanoparticles or liposomes or the drug is a small molecule or a peptide.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the small molecule is a chemotherapeutic compound, a local anesthetic, a neurotransmitter, or a steroid.
11. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising a support rod situated in a lumen of at least one of the hollow fiber and the catheter.