System including oxygen separation device

1. A system comprising:

an internal combustion engine including a combustion gas inlet;

an oxygen separation device positioned to be heated with heat generated by the internal combustion engine during operation of the internal combustion engine;

the oxygen separation device including a casing and a module in the casing;

the casing having an air inlet, a retentate outlet, and a permeate outlet, the permeate outlet being in fluid communication with the combustion gas inlet of the internal combustion engine;

the module including an oxygen ion transport membrane separating the retentate outlet and the permeate outlet; and

a heat absorber between the casing and the module.

2. The system as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the oxygen separation device includes a housing and the casing is disposed in the housing, wherein the internal combustion engine includes an exhaust gas outlet, and the system further comprises an exhaust gas conduit in fluid communication with the exhaust gas outlet and the housing.

3. The system as set forth in claim 2 , wherein the housing defines a cavity in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit, and the casing is in the cavity with each of the air inlet, the retentate outlet, and the permeate outlet of the casing being fluidly separated from the cavity of the housing.

4. The system as set forth in claim 2 , further comprising an exhaust pipe in fluid communication with the exhaust gas outlet of the internal combustion engine, and a return conduit extending from the housing to the exhaust pipe.

5. The system as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the module includes a substrate and at least one intake air passageway passing through the substrate, the intake air passageway being in fluid communication with the air inlet and the retentate outlet of the casing, the oxygen ion transport membrane being between the substrate and the intake air passageway.

6. The system as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the oxygen separation device contacts the internal combustion engine.

7. A system comprising:

an internal combustion engine including a combustion gas inlet;

an oxygen separation device including an air inlet, a retentate outlet, a permeate outlet, and an oxygen ion transport membrane separating the retentate outlet and the permeate outlet, the permeate outlet being connectable with the combustion gas inlet of the internal combustion engine;

an oxygen storage tank connectable with the combustion gas inlet of the internal combustion engine; and

at least one valve moveable between a first position in which the at least one valve connects the oxygen storage tank and the combustion gas inlet of the internal combustion engine, and a second position in which the at least one valve connects the permeate outlet of the oxygen separation device and the combustion gas inlet of the internal combustion engine.

8. The system as set forth in claim 7 , wherein the at least one valve simultaneously connects the permeate outlet of the oxygen separation device to the oxygen storage tank and the combustion gas inlet when the at least one valve is in the second position.

9. The system as set forth in claim 8 , wherein the at least one valve is moveable to a third position, wherein in the third position the at least one valve connects the permeate outlet of the oxygen separation device and the combustion gas inlet of the internal combustion engine, and wherein in the third position the at least one valve disconnects the permeate outlet of the oxygen separation device from the oxygen storage tank.

10. The system as set forth in claim 9 , further comprising an oxygen adsorbing material in the oxygen storage tank.

11. The system as set forth in claim 7 , wherein the at least one valve disconnects the permeate outlet of the oxygen separation device and the combustion gas inlet of the internal combustion engine when the at least one valve is in the first position.

12. The system as set forth in claim 7 , wherein the at least one valve disconnects the permeate outlet of the oxygen separation device and the oxygen storage tank when the at least one valve is in the second position.

13. The system as set forth in claim 7 , wherein the oxygen storage tank includes an outlet in fluid communication with the at least one valve, and an external inlet.

14. An oxygen separation device comprising:

a substrate having an air inlet end and a retentate outlet end;

an intake air passageway extending through the substrate from the air inlet end to the retentate outlet end;

an oxygen ion transport membrane supported on the substrate between the substrate and the intake air passageway, the oxygen ion transport membrane being adapted to separate oxygen atoms from the air in the intake air passageway and to transport the oxygen atoms to the substrate;

the oxygen ion transport membrane having a surface area per unit volume of at least 1 cm 2 /cm 3 .

15. The oxygen separation device as set forth in claim 14 , wherein the substrate includes an outer wall surrounding the intake gas passageway.

16. The oxygen separation device as set forth in claim 15 , further comprising a casing surrounding the outer wall and defining a collection space between the casing and the outer wall.

17. The oxygen separation device as set forth in claim 14 , wherein the intake air passageway is further defined as a plurality of intake air passageways separated from each other by the substrate and each elongated along parallel axes, and further comprising an outer wall surrounding the intake gas passageways.

18. The oxygen separation device as set forth in claim 14 , wherein the substrate is a type of ceramic, and the oxygen ion transport membrane is another type of ceramic.

19. The oxygen separation device as set forth in claim 14 , further comprising a first electrode between the oxygen ion transport membrane and intake gas passageway, and a second electrode between the oxygen ion transport membrane and the substrate.