Inhibition of crystal growth of roflumilast
Roflumilast crystals have been shown to increase in size during storage. The size of the roflumilast crystals can affect the bioavailability and efficacy of a pharmaceutical composition. The growth of roflumilast crystals can be inhibited during storage by including hexylene glycol in the composition. The resulting composition has improved bioavailability and efficacy and can be used to inhibit phosphodiesterase 4 in a patient in need of such treatment.
1. A method for inhibiting phosphodiesterase 4 in a patient, comprising administering a composition comprising at least two active agents in combination with hexylene glycol to a patient in need thereof, wherein one of said active agents is roflumilast, wherein one of said active agents is dissolved in the composition and wherein one of said active agents is a microparticulate pharmaceutical dispersed in said composition.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said microparticulate pharmaceutical does not cross the stratum corneum of the epidermis in its microparticulate state.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said roflumilast is dissolved in said composition and the additional active agent is present in a microparticulate state.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said additional active agent is selected from the group consisting of anthralin, azathioprine, tacrolimus, coal tar, methotrexate, methoxsalen, salicylic acid, ammonium lactate, urea, hydroxyurea, 5-fluorouracil, propylthouracil, 6-thioguanine, sulfasalazine, mycophenolate mofetil, fumaric acid esters, corticosteroids, corticotropin, vitamin D analogues, acitretin, tazarotene, cyclosporine, resorcinol, colchicine, adalimumab, ustekinumab, infliximab, bronchodialators, and antibiotics.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said composition is a topical composition administered in a form selected from the group consisting of aerosols, foams, sprays, emulsions, gels, liquids, ointments, pastes, shampoos, suspensions, and systems.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said topical composition is administered in a form selected from the group consisting of an oil in water emulsion, a thickened aqueous gel, a thickened hydroalcoholic gel, a hydrophilic gel, and a hydrophilic or hydrophobic ointment.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said composition is a topical composition further comprising a solvent which modifies skin permeation.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetone, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, diethyl sebacate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diisopropyl adipate, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl isostearate, isopropyl myristate, N-methyl pyrrolidinone, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol and SD alcohol.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises a surfactant.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein said surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkyl aryl sodium sulfonate, Amerchol-CAB, ammonium lauryl sulfate, apricot kernel oil PEG-6 esters, Arlacel, benzalkonium chloride, Ceteareth-6, Ceteareth-12, Ceteareth-15, Ceteareth-30, cetearyl alcohol/ceteareth-20, cetearyl ethylhexanoate, ceteth-10 phosphate, ceteth-10, ceteth-2, ceteth-20, ceteth-23, choleth-24, cocamide ether sulfate, cocamine oxide, coco betaine, coco diethanolamide, coco monoethanolamide, coco-caprylate/caprate, dicetyl phosphate, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, disodium lauryl sulfoacetate, disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, disodium oleamido monoethanolamine sulfosuccinate, docusate sodium, laureth-2, laureth-23, laureth-4, lauric diethanolamide, lecithin, mehoxy PEG-16, methyl gluceth-10, methyl gluceth-20, methyl glucose sesquistearate, oleth-2, oleth-20, PEG 6-32 stearate, PEG-100 stearate, PEG-12 glyceryl laurate, PEG-120 methyl glucose dioleate, PEG-15 cocamine, PEG-150 distearate, PEG-2 stearate, PEG-20 methyl glucose sesqustearate, PEG-22 methyl ether, PEG-25 propylene glycol stearate, PEG-4 dilaurate, PEG-4 laurate, PEG-45/dodecyl glycol copolymer, PEG-5 oleate, PEG-50 Stearate, PEG-54 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-6 isostearate, PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-7 methyl ether, PEG-75 lanolin, PEG-8 laurate, PEG-8 stearate, Pegoxol 7 stearate, pentaerythritol cocoate, poloxamer 124, poloxamer 181, poloxamer 182, poloxamer 188, poloxamer 237 poloxamer 407, polyglyceryl-3 oleate, polyoxyethylene alcohols, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyl 20 cetostearyl ether, polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyl 40 stearate, polyoxyl 6 and polyoxyl 32, polyoxyl glyceryl stearate, polyoxyl stearate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 65, polysorbate 80, PPG-26 oleate, PROMULGEN™ 12, propylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol dicaprylate, propylene glycol monostearate, sodium xylene sulfonate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, steareth-2, steareth-20, steareth-21, steareth-40, tallow glycerides, and emulsifying wax.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said patient is suffering from a condition selected from the group consisting of acute and chronic airway disorders; proliferative, inflammatory and allergic dermatoses; disorders which are based on an excessive release of TNF and leukotrienes; disorders of the heart which can be treated by PDE inhibitors; inflammations in the gastrointestinal system or central nervous system; disorders of the eye; arthritic disorders; and disorders which can be treated by the tissue-relaxant action of PDE inhibitors.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein said patient is suffering from proliferative, inflammatory and allergic dermatoses selected from the group consisting of psoriasis (vulgaris), eczema, acne, Lichen simplex, sunburn, pruritus, alopecia areata, hypertrophic scars, discoid lupus erythematosus, and pyodermias.
13. The method according to claim 4 , wherein said patient is suffering from acne and said additional active agent is an antibiotic.
14. The method according to claim 4 , wherein said additional active agent is a corticosteroid.