Methods of reducing the risk of mortality associated with a medical treatment

1. A method of treating a plurality of neonates of the same gestational age who are candidates for treatment with inhaled nitric oxide, wherein the plurality includes neonates of less than 27 weeks postmenstrual age who are not white, male neonates and at least one neonate who is a white, male neonate of less than 27 weeks postmenstrual age, the method comprising:

(a) administering inhaled nitric oxide to each of the neonates of the plurality who is less than 27 weeks postmenstrual age and not a white, male neonate;

(b) for each of the neonates of the plurality who is a white, male neonate of less than 27 weeks postmenstrual age, administering a treatment that includes one or more of ventilatory support, intravenous fluids, surfactant, and bicarbonate therapy, and does not initially include inhaled nitric oxide; and

(c) withholding inhaled nitric oxide from each of the neonates of the plurality who is a white, male neonate of less than 27 weeks postmenstrual age until he reaches 27 weeks postmenstrual age; and, when he reaches 27 weeks postmenstrual age, beginning administration of inhaled nitric oxide to him,

wherein each of the white, male neonates of less than 27 weeks postmenstrual age is excluded from inhaled nitric oxide treatment until he reaches 27 weeks postmenstrual age solely because he is a white, male neonate of less than 27 weeks postmenstrual age.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment of (b) administered to each of the neonates of the plurality who is a white male neonate of less than 27 weeks postmenstrual age comprises ventilatory support that includes supplemental oxygen.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ventilatory support comprises high-frequency oscillatory ventilation.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the treatment of (b) administered to each of the white male neonates of less than 27 weeks postmenstrual age further comprises caffeine, vitamin A, or one or more surfactants.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the white male neonates of less than 27 weeks postmenstrual age does not have left ventricular dysfunction and is not dependent on right-to-left shunting of blood.