System and method for planning support removal in hybrid manufacturing with the aid of a digital computer
Algorithmic reasoning about a cutting tool assembly's space of feasible configurations can be effectively harnessed to construct a sequence of motions that guarantees a collision-free path for the tool assembly to remove each support structure in the sequence. A greedy algorithm models the motion of the cutting tool assembly through the free-spaces around the intermediate shapes of the part as the free-spaces iteratively reduce in size to the near-net shape to determine feasible points of contact for the cutting tool assembly. Each support beam is evaluated for a contact feature along the boundary of the near-net shape that constitutes a feasible point of contact. If a support beam has at least one feasible configuration at each point, the support beam is deemed ‘accessible’ and a collection of tool assembly configurations that are guaranteed to be non-colliding but which can access all points of contact of each accessible support beam can be generated.
1. A system for planning support removal in hybrid manufacturing with the aid of a digital computer, comprising the steps of:
a computer, comprising:
a storage device, comprising:
parameters for a machining tool assembly, each parameter comprising orientations and positions of the machining tool assembly;
a model of a part defining surfaces and the interior of the part and one or more support structures that were added to the part during additive manufacturing; and
a near-net shape initially modeled as the part combined with the support structures; and
a processor and memory within which code for execution by the processor is stored to perform the steps comprising:
setting up a configuration space comprising geometric transformations that represent the spatial motions of the machining tool assembly based upon the machining tool assembly's parameters;
determining a manner of construction of each of the support structures to provide contact features at an intersection of the support structures and the part;
evaluating each of the support structures for the existence of a contact feature within free-space that is available within the configuration space around the near-net shape that comprises a feasible region of contact for the tool assembly to remove all of the support structures that are accessible from the near-net shape, wherein the support structure is added to a support removal sequence and the near-net shape is continually updated as each support structure is incrementally removed;
constructing for each of the support structures in the support removal sequence a set of collision-free contact configurations of the machining tool assembly at the contact feature, provided that contact features are found for all of the support structures;
creating process plans comprising machining operations by the machining tool assembly based upon the sets of collision-free contact configurations of the machining tool assembly for the support structures; and
programming the machining tool assembly with the process plans and operating the machining tool assembly per the machining operations in the process plans by machining off the support structures.
2. A system in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising code for execution by the processor to perform the steps comprising:
defining the free-space around the near-net shape as the set of all of the machining tool assembly geometric transformations of the machining tool assembly that do not collide with the near-net shape and any workholding devices that are used to fixture the part as the support structures are removed.
3. A system in accordance with claim 2 , wherein the free-space around the near-net shape N is defined in accordance with:
F N ={g∈C s.t. T g ∩*{N∪W}=∅}
where C represents the configuration space, T g refers to the machining tool assembly transformed by an element g∈C, ∩* refers to regularized intersection, and W represents any workholding devices.
4. A system in accordance with claim 3 , wherein each f∈F i , where f is a feasible region of contact for the tool assembly T within the configuration space C to either partially or totally remove the individual support beam S i , is defined in accordance with:
π 1 ( A F i N )= f
where A F i N is the set of collision-free contact configurations of tool assembly T at the contact feature F i , provided that A F i N ≠∅.
5. A system in accordance with claim 4 , wherein F i comprises a discrete point set comprising the intersection i of the support beam S i being evaluated and the part P.
6. A system in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising code for execution by the processor to perform the steps comprising:
modeling the near-net shape with the computer as the part combined with the support structures minus the support structure being evaluated; and
removing with the computer the support structure being evaluated from the model of the support structures.
7. A system in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising code for execution by the processor to perform the steps comprising:
finding with the computer that the part is non-manufacturable when no contact feature within free-space around the near-net shape that comprises a feasible region of contact for the tool assembly within the configuration space to remove the support structure from the near-net shape exists.
8. A system in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising code for execution by the processor to perform the steps comprising:
generating with the computer a plurality of support removal sequences; and
selecting with the computer one of the support removal sequences based upon an optimization constraint.
9. A system in accordance with claim 8 , further comprising code for execution by the processor to perform the steps comprising:
representing in the computer a set of states, each state identifying one of the orientations of the machining tool assembly and describing a negative volume of the part, with one of the states representing an initial state;
representing with the computer a set of actions, each action one of the orientations of the machining tool assembly and describing the maximal sub-volume of material removable from the negative volume of the part by the machining tool assembly; and
repetitively transitioning with the computer, starting at the initial state, from one of the states to another of the states by choosing one of the actions as guided by a heuristic that is based on aggregate cost and the negative volume that remains after subtracting the maximal sub-volume for the action chosen.
10. A system in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising code for execution by the processor to perform the step comprising:
choosing one of the support structures with the computer for evaluating the support structure for the existence of a contact feature through a motion planning algorithm.
11. A system in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising code for execution by the processor to perform the step comprising:
reordering the support removal sequence and re-attempting to create the process plans beginning with the step of determining with the computer a manner of construction of each of the support structures based upon the reordered support removal sequence.
12. A method for planning support removal in hybrid manufacturing with the aid of a digital computer, comprising the steps of:
providing a computer with parameters for a machining tool assembly, each parameter comprising orientations and positions of the machining tool assembly;
providing the computer with a model of a part defining surfaces and the interior of the part and one or more support structures that were added to the part during additive manufacturing and modeling a near-net shape with the computer initially as the part combined with the support structures;
setting up with the computer a configuration space comprising geometric transformations that represent the spatial motions of the machining tool assembly based upon the machining tool assembly's parameters;
determining with the computer a manner of construction of each of the support structures to provide contact features at an intersection of the support structures and the part;
evaluating each of the support structures with the computer for the existence of a contact feature within free-space that is available within the configuration space around the near-net shape that comprises a feasible region of contact for the tool assembly to remove all of the support structures that are accessible from the near-net shape, wherein the support structure is added to a support removal sequence and the near-net shape is continually updated as each support structure is incrementally removed;
constructing with the computer for each of the support structures in the support removal sequence a set of collision-free contact configurations of the machining tool assembly at the contact feature, provided that contact features are found for all of the support structures;
creating process plans comprising machining operations by the machining tool assembly with the computer based upon the sets of collision-free contact configurations of the machining tool assembly for the support structures; and
programming the machining tool assembly with the computer with the process plans and operating the machining tool assembly per the machining operations in the process plans by machining off the support structures.
13. A method in accordance with claim 12 , further comprising the step of:
defining the free-space around the near-net shape with the computer as the set of all of the machining tool assembly geometric transformations of the machining tool assembly that do not collide with the near-net shape and any workholding devices that are used to fixture the part as the support structures are removed.
14. A method in accordance with claim 13 , wherein the free-space F N around the near-net shape N is defined in accordance with:
F N ={g∈C s.t. T g ∩*{N∪W}=∅}
where C represents the configuration space, T g refers to the machining tool assembly transformed by an element g∈C, ∩* refers to regularized intersection, and W represents any workholding devices.
15. A method in accordance with claim 14 , wherein each f∈F i , where f is a feasible region of contact for the tool assembly T within the configuration space C to either partially or totally remove the individual support beam S i , is defined in accordance with:
π 1 ( A F i N )= f
where A F i N is the set of collision-free contact configurations of tool assembly T at the contact feature F i , provided that A F i N ≠∅.
16. A method in accordance with claim 15 , wherein F i comprises a discrete point set comprising the intersection i of the support beam S i being evaluated and the part P.
17. A method in accordance with claim 12 , wherein the near-net shape is continually updated comprising the steps of:
modeling the near-net shape with the computer as the part combined with the support structures minus the support structure being evaluated; and
removing with the computer the support structure being evaluated from the model of the support structures.
18. A method in accordance with claim 12 , further comprising the step of:
finding with the computer that the part is non-manufacturable when no contact feature within free-space around the near-net shape that comprises a feasible region of contact for the tool assembly within the configuration space to remove the support structure from the near-net shape exists.
19. A method in accordance with claim 12 , further comprising the steps of:
generating with the computer a plurality of support removal sequences; and
selecting with the computer one of the support removal sequences based upon an optimization constraint.
20. A method in accordance with claim 19 , further comprising the steps of:
representing in the computer a set of states, each state identifying one of the orientations of the machining tool assembly and describing a negative volume of the part, with one of the states representing an initial state;
representing with the computer a set of actions, each action one of the orientations of the machining tool assembly and describing the maximal sub-volume of material removable from the negative volume of the part by the machining tool assembly; and
repetitively transitioning with the computer, starting at the initial state, from one of the states to another of the states by choosing one of the actions as guided by a heuristic that is based on aggregate cost and the negative volume that remains after subtracting the maximal sub-volume for the action chosen.
21. A method in accordance with claim 12 , further comprising the step of:
choosing one of the support structures with the computer for evaluating the support structure for the existence of a contact feature through a motion planning algorithm.
22. A method in accordance with claim 12 , further comprising the step of:
reordering the support removal sequence and re-attempting to create the process plans beginning with the step of determining with the computer a manner of construction of each of the support structures based upon the reordered support removal sequence.