Selectively enabling multi-factor authentication for managed devices

1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium containing instructions that, when executed by the at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device to perform stages comprising:

receiving an authentication request from a client device, the authentication request including a first authentication factor corresponding to a single sign-on (“SSO”) credential, wherein the SSO credential is downloaded to the client device, wherein the authentication request originates at a first client application executing on the client device;

determining, at an identity provider service separate from the client device, whether at least one second authentication factor should be requested, including determining that the at least one second authentication factor should be requested based on a version of an application executing on the client device; and

in response to determining that the at least one second authentication factor should be requested:

requesting the at least one second authentication factor from the client device, including determining the first client application does not natively support the at least one second authentication factor and, as a result, requesting the at least one second authentication factor from a second client application;

receiving the at least one second authentication factor from the client device;

after confirming the at least one second authentication factor from the second client application, sending, from the identity provider service, an identity assertion to the first client application, wherein the first client application provides the identity assertion to a service provider that is separate from the identity provider service; and

authenticating the client device in response to verifying the first authentication factor and the at least one second authentication factor.

2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1 , the stages further comprising:

determining a location of the client device; and

determining a risk score based at least in part on the location,

wherein determining whether the at least one second authentication factor should be requested is based at least in part on the risk score.

3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1 , wherein the application executing on the client device is the first client application.

4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1 , the stages further comprising:

determining a version of an operating system of the client device; and

determining that the at least one second authentication factor should be requested when the version of the operating system corresponds to a particular operating system version.

5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1 , wherein the stages further comprise determining that the at least one second authentication factor should be requested in response to verifying the first authentication factor.

6. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1 , wherein the first authentication factor corresponds to data generated by a secure certificate or a Kerberos profile.

7. A computing device that executes an identity provider service configured to cause the computing device to perform stages comprising:

receiving an authentication request from a client device, the authentication request including a first authentication factor corresponding to a single sign-on (“SSO”) credential, wherein the SSO credential is downloaded to the client device, wherein the authentication request originates at a first client application executing on the client device;

determining, at an identity provider service separate from the client device, whether at least one second authentication factor should be requested, including determining that the at least one second authentication factor should be requested based on a version of an application executing on the client device; and

in response to determining that the at least one second authentication factor should be requested:

requesting the at least one second authentication factor from the client device, including determining the first client application does not natively support the at least one second authentication factor and, as a result, requesting the at least one second authentication factor from a second application;

receiving the at least one second authentication factor from the client device;

after confirming the at least one second authentication factor, sending, from the identity provider service, an identity assertion to the first client application, wherein the first client application provides the identity assertion to a service provider that is separate from the identity provider service; and

authenticating the client device in response to verifying the first authentication factor and the at least one second authentication factor.

8. The computing device of claim 7 , the stages further comprising:

determining a location of the client device; and

determining a risk score based at least in part on the location,

wherein determining whether the at least one second authentication factor should be requested is based at least in part on the risk score.

9. The computing device of claim 7 , the stages further comprising:

determining a version of an operating system of the client device; and

determining that the at least one second authentication factor should be requested when the version of the operating system corresponds to a particular operating system version.

10. The computing device of claim 7 , wherein the stages further comprise determining that the at least one second authentication factor should be requested in response to verifying the first authentication factor.

11. The computing device of claim 7 , wherein the first authentication factor corresponds to data generated by a secure certificate or a Kerberos profile.

12. A method, comprising:

receiving an authentication request from a client device, the authentication request including a first authentication factor corresponding to a single sign-on (“SSO”) credential, wherein the SSO credential is downloaded to the client device, wherein the authentication request originates at a first client application executing on the client device;

determining, at an identity provider service separate from the client device, whether at least one second authentication factor should be requested, including determining that the at least one second authentication factor should be requested based on a version of an application executing on the client device; and

in response to determining that the at least one second authentication factor should be requested:

requesting the at least one second authentication factor from the client device, including determining the first client application does not natively support the at least one second authentication factor and, as a result, requesting the at least one second authentication factor from a second client application;

receiving the at least one second authentication factor from the client device;

after confirming the at least one second authentication factor, sending, from the identity provider service, an identity assertion to the first client application, wherein the first client application provides the identity assertion to a service provider that is separate from the identity provider service; and

authenticating the client device in response to verifying the first authentication factor and the at least one second authentication factor.

13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:

determining a location of the client device; and

determining a risk score based at least in part on the location,

wherein determining whether the at least one second authentication factor should be requested is based at least in part on the risk score.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the application executing on the client device is the first client application.

15. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:

determining a version of an operating system of the client device; and

determining that the at least one second authentication factor should be requested when the version of the operating system corresponds to a particular operating system version.

16. The method of claim 12 , further comprising determining that the at least one second authentication factor should be requested in response to verifying the first authentication factor.

17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first authentication factor corresponds to data generated by a secure certificate or a Kerberos profile.