Sensor device

1. A sensor device that is configured to output data that is indicative of hemodynamics of a user, the sensor device comprising:

a multi-dimensional optical sensor that is configured to be positioned proximate to a surface of skin of the user and external to a body of the user, wherein the multi-dimensional optical sensor comprises an array of photodiodes and is configured to generate images; and

processing circuitry that is in communication with the image sensor, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:

receive the images generated by the multi-dimensional optical sensor;

validate that the images include a region that corresponds to an artery or vein of the user;

identify a direction of the artery or the vein as captured in images based upon values of pixels in the images; and

responsive to validating that the images include the region that corresponds to the artery of the user, output data that is indicative of the hemodynamics of the user based upon the identified direction of the artery or the vein as captured in the images received from the multi-dimensional optical sensor.

2. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the multi-dimensional optical sensor is a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor.

3. The sensor device of claim 1 , further comprising:

an illuminator that is configured to emit light towards and into tissue underlying the surface of the skin of the user in a field of view of the multi-dimensional optical sensor.

4. The sensor device of claim 3 , wherein the illuminator is positioned on the sensor device to be in contact with the surface of the skin of the user when emitting light towards the tissue underlying the surface of the skin of the user.

5. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuitry, when unable to verify that an image generated by the multi-dimensional optical sensor includes a region that represents the artery or vein, discards the image such that the image is not used to output the data that is indicative of the hemodynamics of the user.

6. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the data that is indicative of the hemodynamics of the user comprises data that is indicative of heart rate of the user.

7. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the data that is indicative of the hemodynamics of the user comprises data that is indicative of pulse transit time or pulse wave velocity.

8. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the data that is indicative of the hemodynamics of the user comprises data that is indicative of at least one of arterial expansion or arterial stiffness.

9. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the data that is indicative of the hemodynamics of the user comprises data that is indicative of arterial blood oxygenation of the user.

10. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the data that is indicative of the hemodynamics of the user comprises data that is indicative of tissue blood oxygenation of the user.

11. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuitry is a digital signal processor (DSP).

12. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the data that is indicative of the hemodynamics of the user comprises at least two of the following:

data that is indicative of heart rate;

data that is indicative of pulse transit time;

data that is indicative of pulse wave velocity;

data that is indicative of arterial expansion at points along the artery;

data that is indicative of pulse pressure;

data that is indicative of a pressure wave;

data that is indicative of arterial blood oxygenation; or

data that is indicative of tissue blood oxygenation.

13. A method for outputting data that is indicative of hemodynamics of a user, the method comprising:

with a multi-dimensional optical sensor positioned proximate to a surface of skin of a user and directed towards the surface of the skin of the user, generating a plurality of images;

based upon an image in the plurality of images, validating that the multi-dimensional optical sensor is positioned over an artery or vein of the user;

identifying a direction of the artery or the vein in the image; and

responsive to validating that the multi-dimensional optical sensor is positioned over the artery of the user and further responsive to identifying the direction of the artery or the vein in the image, outputting data that is indicative of hemodynamics of the user based upon the plurality of images generated by the multi-dimensional optical sensor and further based upon the identified direction of the artery or the vein in the image.

14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising illuminating tissue of the user in a field of view of the multi-dimensional optical sensor while the multi-dimensional optical sensor generates the plurality of images.

15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:

identifying a width of the artery or the vein in the image based upon the identified direction of the artery or the vein in the image, wherein the data that is indicative of the hemodynamics of the user is based further upon the identified width of the artery or the vein in the image.

16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of images are captured over time, and wherein outputting data that is indicative of the hemodynamics of the user comprises:

for each image in the plurality of images, computing a mean value of pixel intensities; and

computing a pulse rate of the user based upon the mean values of the pixel intensities computed for the plurality of images.

17. The method of claim 13 , wherein outputting the data that is indicative of the hemodynamics of the user comprises:

computing a value that is indicative of pulse transit time based upon the plurality of images, wherein the data that is indicative of the hemodynamics of the user comprises the value.

18. The method of claim 13 , wherein outputting the data that is indicative of the hemodynamics of the user comprises:

computing values for at least two of the following group based upon the plurality of images:

heart rate;

pulse transit time;

arterial expansion;

arterial blood oxygenation; or

tissue blood oxygenation.

19. A sensor device that is configured to output data that is indicative of hemodynamics of a user, the sensor device comprising:

a multi-dimensional optical sensor positioned proximate to a surface of skin of a user and directed towards the surface of the skin of the user, the multi-dimensional optical sensor configured to generate a plurality of images;

a processor; and

memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform acts comprising:

based upon an image in the plurality of images, validating that the multi- dimensional optical sensor is positioned over an artery or vein of the user;

identifying a direction of the artery or the vein in the image; and

responsive to validating that the multi-dimensional optical sensor is positioned over the artery of the user and further responsive to identifying the direction of the artery or the vein in the image, outputting data that is indicative of hemodynamics of the user based upon the plurality of images generated by the multi-dimensional optical sensor and further based upon the identified direction of the artery or the vein in the image.

20. The computing system of claim 19 , the acts further comprising:

identifying a width of the artery or the vein in the image based upon the identified direction of the artery or the vein in the image, wherein the data that is indicative of the hemodynamics of the user is based further upon the identified width of the artery or the vein in the image.