System for viewing cell cultures under a microscope whilst applying TTFields
An apparatus includes a bottom panel with a transparent region and ceramic sidewalls affixed to the bottom panel to form a container. Electrodes are disposed on the outer surface of the sidewalls at positions selected so that when a sample is positioned in the container, applying a voltage between the electrodes induces an electric field through the sample. Electrical conductors provide contact with the electrodes. All the components are sized and shaped to facilitate positioning of the container on the stage of an inverted microscope so that when the sample is positioned in the container, light emanating from a light source is free to travel along an optical path that passes through the sample, through the transparent region, and into the objective of the inverted microscope. The electrodes and conductors are positioned with respect to the transparent region so as not to interfere with the optical path.
1. An apparatus for applying electric fields to a sample and for observing the sample using an inverted microscope while the sample is illuminated by a light source, the inverted microscope having a stage and an objective, the apparatus comprising:
a bottom panel having a transparent region;
ceramic sidewalls affixed to the bottom panel such that the ceramic sidewalls and the bottom panel cooperate to form a container for holding the sample, wherein the ceramic sidewalls are affixed to the bottom panel at a position that surrounds the transparent region, and wherein the ceramic sidewalls have at least one outer surface;
a plurality of electrodes disposed on the at least one outer surface of the ceramic sidewalls at positions selected so that when the sample is positioned in the container, application of a voltage between the plurality of electrodes induces an electric field through the sample; and
a plurality of electrical conductors, wherein each of the plurality of electrical conductors provides electrical contact with a respective one of the plurality of electrodes,
wherein the bottom panel, the transparent region, and the ceramic sidewalls are sized and shaped to facilitate positioning of the container on the stage of the inverted microscope so that when the sample is positioned in the container, light emanating from the light source is free to travel along an optical path that passes through the sample, through the transparent region, and into the objective of the inverted microscope, and
wherein each of the plurality of electrodes and each of the plurality of electrical conductors is positioned with respect to the transparent region so as not to interfere with the optical path.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic sidewalls are cylindrical.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one thermistor mounted to the ceramic sidewalls at a position that does not interfere with the optical path.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one thermistor mounted to the bottom panel at a position that does not interfere with the optical path.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic sidewalls are mounted to the bottom panel using an adhesive.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic sidewalls are mounted to the bottom panel using a screw mount configured to squeeze the ceramic sidewalls and the bottom panel together.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising an O-ring disposed between the ceramic sidewalls and the bottom panel.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic sidewalls are cylindrical and are mounted to the bottom panel using an O-ring that has (a) an outer diameter that matches the inner diameter of a Petri dish and (b) an inner diameter that matches the outer diameter of the cylindrical sidewalls, and the cylindrical sidewalls are jammed into the O-ring to provide an interference fit.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the entire bottom panel is transparent.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one thermistor mounted to the container at a position that does not interfere with the optical path.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electrodes comprises at least four electrodes disposed on the at least one outer surface of the ceramic sidewalls at positions selected so that when the sample is positioned in the container, (a) application of a voltage between a first subset of the at least four electrodes induces an electric field in a first direction through the sample, and (b) application of a voltage between a second subset of the at least four electrodes induces an electric field in a second direction through the sample,
wherein the plurality of electrical conductors comprises at least four electrical conductors, and
wherein each of the at least four electrical conductors provides electrical contact with a respective one of the at least four electrodes.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the second direction is roughly perpendicular to the first direction.
13. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of electrodes are disposed on the at least one outer surface of the ceramic sidewalls at positions selected so that when the sample is positioned in the container, (a) application of a voltage between a first subset of the plurality of electrodes induces an electric field in a first direction through the sample, and (b) application of a voltage between a second subset of the plurality of electrodes induces an electric field in a second direction through the sample, and wherein the second direction is roughly perpendicular to the first direction.