Methods and compositions for eliciting an immune response against hepatitis B virus

1. A method for eliciting an immune response against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a human subject with chronic liver disease, comprising:

administering to the human subject a first and a second dose of an immunogenic composition comprising a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and an immunostimulatory sequence (ISS) present in the immunogenic composition in amounts effective to elicit a seroprotective immune response comprising an anti-HBsAg concentration of at least 10 mIU/mL in the human subject at two months after the second of only two doses,

wherein said ISS is single stranded and consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, and said immunogenic composition comprises from about 10 to about 20 μg of said HBsAg and from about 1000 to about 3000 μg of said ISS.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the human subject is an adult over 40 years of age.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the human subject is not hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said ISS comprises a phosphate backbone modification.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said phosphate backbone modification comprises a phosphorothioate backbone modification.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said immunogenic composition comprises about 20 μg of said HBsAg and about 3000 μg of said ISS.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said immunogenic composition comprises about 20 μg of said HBsAg.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said immunogenic composition comprises about 3000 μg of said ISS.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said HBsAg is a recombinant HBsAg produced in yeast.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said seroprotective immune response comprises an anti-HBsAg concentration of at least 15 mIU/mL in the subject at two months after said second dose.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said immunogenic composition has a satisfactory safety profile.