Liquid lens for varifocal display

1. An adaptive liquid lens, comprising:

a membrane that has a curved surface profile;

a film in contact with the membrane, wherein the film has a hologram structure to provide an optical power on the membrane with the curved surface profile;

a substrate; and

a layer of optical fluid encapsulated within the membrane and the substrate, wherein:

the adaptive liquid lens is configured to adjust a focal distance by modifying a surface profile of the membrane without changing a thickness of the adaptive liquid lens, the thickness being a distance between the substrate and the film along an optical axis of the adaptive liquid lens.

2. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the membrane is made of an optically transparent flexible material.

3. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the film is at least partially embedded in the membrane.

4. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the film is made of polycarbonate or poly(methyl methacrylate).

5. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the film is a Fresnel holographic film.

6. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is made of a rigid optically transparent material.

7. The lens of claim 1 , wherein modifying the surface profile of the membrane includes changing a volume of the layer of optical fluid encapsulated within the membrane and the substrate.

8. The lens of claim 1 , wherein:

the modified surface profile corresponds to one of a plurality of predefined surface profiles, the plurality of predefined surface profiles including a first surface profile corresponding to a first convex shape and a second surface profile corresponding to a second convex shape distinct from the first convex shape.

9. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the membrane has a non-uniform elasticity across the surface profile.

10. A display device, comprising:

the adaptive liquid lens of claim 1 ; and

an electronic display optically coupled with the adaptive liquid lens for outputting light through the adaptive liquid lens toward a pupil of an eye of a user of the display device.

11. The display device of claim 10 , wherein the display device is a varifocal display device.

12. A display device, comprising:

an adaptive liquid lens including:

a membrane that has a curved surface profile;

a substrate; and

a layer of optical fluid encapsulated within the membrane and the substrate; and

an electronic display optically coupled with the adaptive liquid lens for outputting light through the adaptive liquid lens toward a pupil of an eye of a user of the display device, wherein:

a first optical distance is defined between the pupil of the eye of the user at a first position and a first reference point on the electronic display while the membrane has a first curved surface profile;

a second optical distance is defined between the pupil of the eye of the user at a second position distinct from the first position and a second reference point on the electronic display distinct from the first reference point on the electronic display while the membrane has the first curved surface profile;

the display device is configured to determine a position of the pupil of the eye of the user; and

the adaptive liquid lens is configured to modify, in response to a determination that the pupil of the eye of the user is at the second position distinct from the first position, a surface profile of the membrane of the adaptive liquid lens, thereby changing an optical distance defined between the pupil of the eye of the user in the second position and a corresponding reference point on the electronic display from the second optical distance to the first optical distance.

13. The display device of claim 12 , wherein:

the adaptive liquid lens is configured to reduce optical distortions in an image that is output, by the electronic display, to the pupil of the eye of the user at the second position.

14. A method, comprising:

determining a position of a pupil of an eye of a user of a display device, the display device including an adaptive liquid lens and an electronic display optically coupled with the adaptive liquid lens for outputting light through the adaptive liquid lens toward the pupil of the eye of the user; and

modifying a surface profile of a membrane of the adaptive liquid lens, the adaptive liquid lens comprising:

the membrane that has a curved surface profile;

a substrate; and

a layer of optical fluid encapsulated within the membrane and the substrate; wherein:

a first optical distance is defined between the pupil of the eye of the user at a first position and a first reference point on the electronic display while the membrane has a first curved surface profile;

a second optical distance is defined between the pupil of the eye of the user at a second position distinct from the first position and a second reference point on the electronic display distinct from the first reference point on the electronic display while the membrane has the first curved surface profile; and

modifying, in response to a determination that the pupil of the eye of the user is at the second position, the surface profile of the membrane of the adaptive liquid lens thereby changing an optical distance defined between the pupil of the eye of the user in the second position and a corresponding reference point on the electronic display from the second optical distance to the first optical distance.

15. The method of claim 14 , including:

adjusting a distance between the adaptive liquid lens and the electronic display by changing a position of the electronic display with respect to the adaptive liquid lens; and

in conjunction with adjusting the distance between the adaptive liquid lens and the electronic display, modifying the surface profile of the membrane of the adaptive liquid lens.

16. The method of claim 14 , including:

adjusting a distance between the adaptive liquid lens and the electronic display by changing a position of the adaptive liquid lens with respect to the electronic display.

17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the adaptive liquid lens includes a film in contact with the membrane, and the film has a hologram structure to provide an optical power while located on the membrane with the curved surface profile.