Steel piston with metallurgically bonded bushing and method of manufacturing
A steel piston with a bushing applied to pin bore surfaces by laser cladding or laser additive manufacturing is provided. The bushing is formed of metal, such as bronze, and metallurgically bonded to the steel of the piston. Thus, the bushing cannot fail by rotating relative to pin bore surfaces. The bushing has a porosity ranging from 0.05% to 5%, based on the total volume of the bushing, and a thickness ranging from 0.07 mm to 6 mm. Since the metal is applied directly to the steel by laser cladding or laser additive manufacturing, the overall size of the piston is reduced, compared to typical pistons with a separate steel backed bushing, and the possibility of bushing rotation is avoided. The bushing also provides scuffing resistance and increased unit load capacity of the pin bore.
1. A piston for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a body portion including a crown,
said body portion including pin bosses depending from said crown, said pin bosses each presenting a pin bore surface,
a bushing metallurgically bonded to at least one of said pin bore surfaces, and
said bushing having a porosity ranging from 0.05% to 5%, based on the total volume of said bushing.
2. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said body portion is formed of steel and said bushing is formed of copper and tin.
3. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said at least one bushing has a thickness ranging from 0.07 mm to 6 mm.
4. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said bushing is applied to said body portion by laser cladding or laser additive manufacturing.
5. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said body portion is galleryless and thus formed without any cooling galleries, such that an undercrown surface of said crown is exposed.
6. The piston of claim 1 , wherein each pin bore surface presents a circumference extending completely around a pin bore axis.
7. The piston of claim 6 , wherein said bushing is disposed only on an upper half of said pin bore surface.
8. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said bushing cannot rotate relative to said pin bore surfaces, and said body portion is free of a conventional bushing capable of rotating relative to said pin bore surfaces.
9. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said bushing is formed of multiple layers of a bronze material, said bronze material including copper and tin.
10. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said body portion is formed of steel,
said bushing includes copper and tin,
said bushing has a porosity ranging from 0.05% to 5%,
said crown includes an upper crown portion including an upper inner rib and an upper outer rib each extending annularly around a central axis and depending from an upper combustion wall of said upper crown portion to respective ends,
said crown includes a lower crown portion having a lower inner rib and a lower outer rib each extending to respective ends arranged in alignment and in fixed abutment with the respective free ends of said upper inner and outer ribs, and
said body portion includes an outer cooling gallery presenting an oil passage extending circumferentially around said upper crown portion, and
said lower inner rib, said lower outer rib, said upper inner rib, said upper outer rib, said upper combustion wall, and said outer gallery floor define said outer cooling gallery.
11. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said bushing is applied to said body portion by laser cladding or laser additive manufacturing,
said body portion extends along a central axis,
said crown includes an upper crown portion presenting an upper combustion wall,
said upper combustion wall includes an uppermost surface presenting a recessed combustion bowl,
said upper crown portion includes an upper inner rib and upper outer rib each extending annularly around said central axis and depending from said upper combustion wall to respective ends,
said crown includes a lower crown portion having a lower inner rib and a lower outer rib each extending to respective ends arranged in alignment and in fixed abutment with the respective free ends of said upper inner and outer ribs,
said body portion includes an outer cooling gallery presenting an oil passage extending circumferentially around said upper crown portion,
said outer cooling gallery surrounds a central cooling gallery located at and around said central axis,
said outer ribs include a plurality of ring grooves,
said lower crown portion includes an outer gallery floor extending laterally between said lower inner rib and said lower outer rib,
said lower inner rib, said lower outer rib, said upper inner rib, said upper outer rib, said upper combustion wall, and said outer gallery floor define said outer cooling gallery,
said outer oil gallery is sealed except for an optional passage for conveying of cooling oil,
said pin bosses depend from said outer floor of said crown and are spaced from one another,
each pin boss includes one of said pin bore surfaces defining a pin bore for receipt of a wrist pin,
each pin bore surface has a circular shape,
said bushing cannot rotate relative to said pin bore surfaces,
said bushing is formed of multiple layers of a bronze material, said bronze material including said copper and tin, and
said bushing has a thickness ranging from 0.07 mm to 6 mm.
12. A piston for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a body portion including a crown,
said body portion including pin bosses depending from said crown, said pin bosses each presenting a pin bore surface,
a bushing metallurgically bonded to at least one of said pin bore surfaces, and
said bushing being applied to said body portion by laser cladding or laser additive manufacturing.
13. The piston of claim 1 , wherein said bushing has a thickness extending from said pin bore surface to an outer surface of said bushing, said outer surface of said bushing is exposed, and the entire thickness of said bushing has said porosity ranging from 0.05% to 5%, based on the total volume of said bushing.