Systems, articles and methods for wearable electronic devices employing contact sensors
Wearable electronic devices that employ one or more contact sensors (e.g., capacitive sensors and/or biometric sensors) are described. Contact sensors include electromyography sensors and/or capacitive touch sensors. Capacitive touch sensors include single-frequency capacitive touch sensors, recently-proposed swept frequency capacitive touch sensors, and a generalized version of swept frequency capacitive touch sensors referred to as multi-frequency capacitive touch sensors. The contact sensors are integrated into various devices, including generic watchstraps that may be substituted for the existing watchstrap in any wristwatch design, generic watch back-plates that may be substituted for the existing back-plate in any wristwatch design, and wearable electromyography devices that provide gesture-based control in a human-electronics interface.
1. A wearable electronic device comprising:
one or more contact surfaces that are substantially in contact with the user's wrist when the wearable electronic device is worn by the user, the one or more contact surfaces comprising:
one or more electromyography (EMG) sensors responsive to muscle activity corresponding to hand poses performed by the user while wearing the wearable electronic device; and
one or more capacitive sensors responsive to a body capacitance of the user corresponding to physical contact between the user and an object;
at least one processor; and
physical memory comprising processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
identify a pose of a hand of the user based on signals provided by the one or more EMG sensors; and
identify a physical contact between the hand of the user and the object based on signals provided by the one or more capacitive sensors.
2. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 wherein the one or more capacitive sensors include a single-frequency capacitive touch sensor that is substantially in contact with the user's wrist when the wearable electronic device is worn by the user.
3. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , further comprising at least one communication terminal communicatively coupled to the processor, the at least one communication terminal operable to transmit touch-based user-interface signals to a wearable head display device, wherein the touch-based user-interface signals are based on signals provided by the one or more EMG sensors.
4. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , further comprising one or more inertial sensors communicatively coupled to the processor, the one or more inertial sensors responsive to motion corresponding to a gesture of the hand of the user and to provide at least one signal in response thereto, wherein the processor-executable instructions further cause the processor to:
recognize the gesture performed by the user based on signals provided by the one or more EMG sensors; and
determine a motion aspect of the gesture based on at least one signal provided by the one or more inertial sensors.
5. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 wherein the processor-executable instructions comprise:
instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to determine a set of values from the signals provided by the one or more EMG sensors;
instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to rank each value in the set of values, wherein ranking each value in the set of values includes assigning a rank number to each value in the set of values;
instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to generate a permutation of a digit string based at least in part on the rank number of each value in the set of values; and
instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to identify the pose based at least in part on the permutation of the digit string.
6. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 wherein the processor-executable instructions further cause the processor to detect, using the signals provided by the one or more capacitive sensors, how the hand of the user physically touches the object.
7. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 wherein the processor-executable instructions further cause the processor to detect, using the signals provided by the one or more capacitive sensors, how the hand of the user is physically interacting with the object.
8. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 further comprising at least one communication terminal communicatively coupled to the processor, the at least one communication terminal operable to transmit touch-based user-interface signals to a wearable head display device, wherein the touch-based user-interface signals are based on signals provided by the one or more capacitive sensors.
9. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 wherein the one or more capacitive sensors include a multi-frequency capacitive touch sensor that is substantially in contact with the user's wrist when the wearable electronic device is worn by the user.
10. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 wherein the one or more capacitive sensors include a swept frequency capacitive touch sensor that is substantially in contact with the user's wrist when the wearable electronic device is worn by the user.
11. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of individual pod structures, wherein:
the wearable electronic device includes one or more non-contact surfaces that are substantially not in contact with a user's wrist when the wearable electronic device is worn by the user;
each of the plurality of individual pod structures includes one of the one or more non-contact surfaces and one of the one or more contact surfaces;
a first one of the plurality of individual pod structures includes one of the one or more EMG sensors; and
a second one of the plurality of individual pod structures includes one of the one or more capacitive sensors.
12. A watchstrap for integration into a wristwatch, the watchstrap comprising:
one or more contact surfaces that are substantially in contact with the user's wrist when the watchstrap is worn by the user, the one or more contact surfaces comprising:
one or more electromyography (EMG) sensors responsive to muscle activity corresponding to hand poses performed by the user while wearing the wearing the watchstrap; and
one or more capacitive sensors responsive to a body capacitance of the user corresponding to physical contact between the user and an object; and
a set of communication pathways from the one or more EMG sensors and the one or more capacitive sensors to at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor accesses physical memory comprising processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
identify a pose of a hand of the user based on signals provided by the one or more EMG sensors, the pose of the hand comprising relative positions of two or more fingers of the hand; and
identify a physical contact between the hand of the user and the object based on signals provided by the one or more capacitive sensors.
13. The watchstrap of claim 12 further comprising a plurality of individual pod structures, wherein:
the watchstrap includes one or more non-contact surfaces that are substantially not in contact with a user's wrist when the watchstrap is worn by the user;
each of the plurality of individual pod structures includes one of the one or more non-contact surfaces and one of the one or more contact surfaces;
a first one of the plurality of individual pod structures includes one of the one or more EMG sensors; and
a second one of the plurality of individual pod structures includes one of the one or more capacitive sensors.
14. The watchstrap of claim 12 wherein the processor-executable instructions further cause the processor to detect, using the signals provided by the one or more capacitive sensors, how the hand of the user physically touches the object.
15. The watchstrap of claim 12 further comprising a plurality of individual pod structures, wherein:
the watchstrap includes one or more non-contact surfaces that are substantially not in contact with a user's wrist when the watchstrap is worn by the user;
each of the plurality of individual pod structures includes one of the one or more non-contact surfaces and one of the one or more contact surfaces;
a first one of the plurality of individual pod structures includes one of the one or more EMG sensors;
a second one of the plurality of individual pod structures includes one of the one or more capacitive sensors;
a third one of the plurality of individual pod structures includes an inertial sensor communicatively coupled to the processor, the inertial sensor responsive to motion corresponding to a gesture of the hand of the user and to provide at least one signal in response thereto, wherein the processor-executable instructions further cause the processor to identify the gesture based at least in part on both signals provided by the one or more EMG sensors and at least one signal provided by the inertial sensor.
16. A back-plate for integration into a wristwatch, the back-plate comprising:
one or more contact surfaces that are substantially in contact with the user's wrist when the wristwatch is worn by the user, the one or more contact surfaces comprising:
one or more electromyography (EMG) sensors responsive to muscle activity corresponding to hand poses performed by the user while wearing the wristwatch; and
one or more capacitive sensors responsive to a body capacitance of the user corresponding to physical contact between the user and an object;
at least one processor; and
physical memory comprising processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
identify a pose of a hand of the user based on signals provided by the one or more EMG sensors, the pose of the hand comprising relative positions of two or more fingers of the hand; and
identify a physical contact between the hand of the user and the object based on signals provided by the one or more capacitive sensors.
17. The back-plate of claim 16 wherein the processor-executable instructions comprise:
instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to determine a set of values from the signals provided by the one or more EMG sensors;
instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to rank each value in the set of values, wherein ranking each value in the set of values includes assigning a rank number to each value in the set of values;
instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to generate a permutation of a digit string based at least in part on the rank number of each value in the set of values; and
instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to identify the pose based at least in part on the permutation of the digit string.
18. The back-plate of claim 16 wherein the processor-executable instructions further cause the processor to detect, using the signals provided by the one or more capacitive sensors, how the hand of the user physically touches the object.
19. The back-plate of claim 16 wherein the processor-executable instructions further cause the processor to detect, using the signals provided by the one or more capacitive sensors, how the hand of the user is physically interacting with the object.
20. The back-plate of claim 16 further comprising at least one communication terminal communicatively coupled to the processor, the at least one communication terminal operable to transmit touch-based user-interface signals to a wearable head display device, wherein the touch-based user-interface signals are based on signals provided by the one or more capacitive sensors.