Laterally supported filaments
A garment worn by a wearer has an impact absorbing material comprising arrays of various hexagonal or other deformable polygonal-shaped structures positioned between an exterior surface and an interior surface. When force is applied to the exterior surface, the structures of the impact absorbing materials deform (e.g., buckle) in a desired manner, reducing the force received by the interior surface.
1. A helmet comprising:
an inner layer;
an outer layer spaced apart from the inner layer defining a space; and
an interface layer disposed in the space between the inner layer and the outer layer, the interface layer comprising a plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments, each of the plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments comprising a first end proximal to the inner layer and a second end proximal to the outer layer;
each of the plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments further comprising a lateral wall extending outwardly from each of the straight, elongated non-hollow filaments to at least one adjacent straight, elongated non-hollow filament;
wherein the plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments are configured and arranged into hollow polygon shaped elements, each of the hollow polygon shaped elements comprising an equal number of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments and lateral walls extending between the straight, elongated non-hollow filaments; and
wherein one or more of the straight, elongated non-hollow filaments in each of the hollow polygon shaped elements is configured to buckle in response to an external incident force on the helmet, the buckling being a lateral deflection.
2. The helmet of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments has a longitudinal length, and the lateral walls extend along the entirety of the longitudinal length of each of the plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments.
3. The helmet of claim 1 , wherein the lateral walls extending outwardly from of the plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments are configured to at least partially constrain a direction of buckling of the at least one portion of the plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments.
4. The helmet of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments further comprises a second lateral wall extending outwardly from each straight, elongated non-hollow filament, the lateral wall and second lateral wall separated by an approximately 120-degree angle.
5. The helmet of claim 1 , wherein the polygonal shaped elements comprise hexagonal shaped elements, each of the hexagonal shaped elements being interconnected at the first end of each of the plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments.
6. The helmet of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments of each of the polygonal shaped elements are interconnected by an upper ridge located proximal to the second end of each of the plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments.
7. The helmet of claim 1 , wherein the inner layer comprises a perforated face sheet.
8. The helmet of claim 1 , wherein the inner layer comprises a substantially rigid material.
9. The helmet of claim 1 , wherein the inner layer comprises a substantially flexible foam material.
10. The helmet of claim 1 , wherein the outer layer comprises a substantially rigid material.
11. The helmet of claim 1 , wherein the outer layer comprises a substantially flexible material.
12. The helmet of claim 1 , wherein the inner layer comprises foam padding.
13. A helmet comprising:
an inner layer;
an outer layer spaced apart from the inner layer defining a space; and
an interface layer disposed in the space between the inner layer and the outer layer, the interface layer comprising a plurality of straight, elongated solid filaments, each of the plurality of straight, elongated solid filaments comprising a first end proximal to the inner layer and a second end proximal to the outer layer,
each of the plurality of straight, elongated solid filaments including a first wall and a second wall extending laterally outward from each of the plurality of straight, elongated solid filaments, the first wall extending to a first adjacent straight, elongated solid filament and the second wall extending to a second adjacent straight, elongated solid filament, the first and second adjacent straight, elongated solid filaments being laterally spaced apart;
wherein the straight, elongated solid filaments are configured to buckle in response to an external incident force on the helmet, the buckling being a lateral deflection and wherein the plurality of straight, elongated solid filaments are configured and arranged into hexagonal shaped elements, each of the hexagonal shaped elements comprising at least six straight, elongated solid filaments and at least six lateral walls.
14. The helmet of claim 13 , wherein the hexagonal shaped elements comprise hexagonal frustum shaped elements.
15. The helmet of claim 13 , wherein the hexagonal shaped elements are configured to exhibit different shear characteristics in different directions.
16. The helmet of claim 13 , wherein the inner layer comprises a substantially rigid material.
17. The helmet of claim 13 , wherein the outer layer comprises a substantially rigid material.
18. The helmet of claim 13 , wherein the outer layer comprises a substantially flexible material.
19. The helmet of claim 13 , wherein the inner layer comprises foam padding.
20. The helmet of claim 13 , wherein the inner layer comprises a plurality of segmented foam pads.
21. A helmet comprising:
an inner layer;
an outer layer spaced apart from the inner layer defining a space; and
an interface layer disposed in the space between the inner layer and the outer layer, the interface layer comprising a plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments, each of the plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments comprising a first end proximal to the inner layer and a second end proximal to the outer layer;
each of the plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments further comprising a lateral wall extending outwardly from each of the straight, elongated non-hollow filaments to at least one adjacent straight, elongated non-hollow filament, the lateral walls comprising an average thickness that is smaller than an average diameter of the plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments;
wherein the plurality of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments are configured and arranged into hollow polygon shaped elements, each of the hollow polygon shaped elements comprising an equal number of straight, elongated non-hollow filaments and lateral walls extending between the straight, elongated non-hollow filaments; and
wherein one or more of the straight, elongated non-hollow filaments in each of the hollow polygon shaped elements is configured to buckle in response to an external incident force on the helmet, the buckling being a lateral deflection.
22. The helmet of claim 21 , wherein a portion of the hollow polygon shaped elements comprise frustum hollow polygon shaped elements.