Football sensing
An automated objective American-football evaluation system may include an American-style football, at least one sensor carried by the football, the at least one sensor comprising at least one accelerometer carried by the football and electronics. The electronics are to: (a) receive a string of sensor signals from the at least one sensor; (b) determine a characteristic of a throw of the football based upon the received string of sensor signals; (c) determine an identity of a football player associated with the throw of the football; (d) assign the determined characteristic of the throw of the football to the determined identity of the football player; and (e) output the determined characteristic of the throw, the determined identity of the football player and the assignment of the determined characteristic of the throw of the football to the determined identity the football.
1. An automated objective American-football evaluation system comprising:
an American-style football;
at least one sensor carried by the football, the at least one sensor comprising at least one accelerometer carried by the football; and
electronics to:
(a) receive a string of sensor signals from the at least one sensor;
(b) determine a characteristic of a throw of the football based upon the received string of sensor signals;
(c) determine an identity of a football player associated with the throw of the football based solely upon the string of sensor signals from the at least one sensor carried by the football;
(d) assign the determined characteristic of the throw of the football to the determined identity of the football player; and
(e) output the determined characteristic of the throw, the determined identity of the football player and the assignment of the determined characteristic of the throw of the football to the determined identity the football player.
2. The evaluation system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor comprises a first sensor carried by the football to sense an identifier worn by the football player.
3. The evaluation system of claim 2 , wherein the identifier comprises a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag and wherein the first sensor is to sense the RFID tag.
4. The evaluation system of claim 1 , wherein the electronics are to receive a plurality of strings of sensor signals, including the string of sensor signals, wherein the received strings of sensor signals correspond to different throws of the football by different football players, wherein the electronics are to further: (a) compare the different strings of sensor signals to group the different strings of sensor signals; (b) automatically assign different groups of the strings of sensor signals to the different football players.
5. The evaluation system of claim 4 , wherein the characteristic of the throw of the football determined by the electronics comprises throw quality, the throw quality comprising a composite metric of arm efficiency, flight efficiency and catchability.
6. The evaluation system of claim 1 , wherein the characteristic of a throw of the football based upon the received string of sensor signals comprises a throw characteristic selected from a group of throw characteristics consisting of: velocity; spin rate; time-of-flight; angle of attack; release angle; cone angle; nutation angle; spiral efficiency; and spiral decay.
7. The evaluation system of claim 1 , wherein the electronics are to determine the angle of attack of the throw of the football based upon signals from at least one accelerometer corresponding to the throw of the football.
8. The evaluation system of claim 1 , wherein the electronics are to determine the cone angle of the throw of the football based upon a combination of an amplitude of a first axis wave signal and an amplitude of a second axis wave signal in those received strings of sensor signals corresponding to the throw the football.
9. The evaluation system of claim 1 , wherein the electronics are to determine flight efficiency of the throw of the football based upon a composite metric of velocity, angle of attack, release angle and spiral efficiency.
10. The evaluation system of claim 9 , wherein the flight efficiency is determined based upon application of one of a plurality of available sets of constants to values for the velocity, angle of attack, release angle and spiral efficiency based upon a type classification of the throw of the football.
11. The evaluation system of claim 10 , wherein the electronics prompts a person to enter the type classification of the throw the football.
12. The evaluation system of claim 10 , wherein the electronics prompts a person to enter the type classification of a group of throws of the football based upon a number of throws for the group of throws or a time duration for the group of throws.
13. The evaluation system of claim 10 , wherein the electronics automatically determines the type classification of the throw of the football based upon the received string of sensor signals.
14. The evaluation system of claim 1 , wherein electronics are to determine spiral decay of the throw of the football based upon a composite of changes in a spin rate of the football and changes in a wobble of the football over time as determined from the received string of sensor signals during the throw.
15. An automated objective American-football evaluation system comprising:
an American-style football;
at least one sensor carried by the football, the at least one sensor comprising at least one accelerometer carried by the football; and
electronics to:
(a) receive a string of sensor signals from the at least one sensor;
(b) determine a characteristic of a throw of the football based upon the received string of sensor signals;
(c) determine an identity of a football player associated with the throw of the football based solely upon the string of sensor signals from the at least one sensor carried by the football;
(d) assign the determined characteristic of the throw of the football to the determined identity of the football player; and
(e) output the determined characteristic of the throw, the determined identity of the football player and the assignment of the determined characteristic of the throw of the football to the determined identity the football player, wherein the characteristic of the throw of the football determined by the electronics comprises thrown ball catchability of the throw of the football and wherein the electronics are to determine the thrown ball catchability by determining an endpoint of the throw of the football, wherein the thrown ball catchability is based upon a composite of at least two of: velocity, distance, spiral efficiency, spin rate, and spiral decay, as determined from just those portions of the strings of sensor signals received during the throw immediately preceding the determined endpoint of the throw.
16. The evaluation system of claim 15 , wherein the thrown ball catchability is based upon a composite of at least two of: velocity, distance, spiral efficiency, spin rate, and spiral decay as determined from just those portions of the strings of sensor signals received during the throw that are within 0.40 seconds from the determined endpoint of the throw.
17. The evaluation system of claim 15 , wherein the electronics are to further:
(a) determine an identity of a receiver associated with a catch of the throw of the football;
(b) determine a catch quality of the catch;
(c) assign the determined catch quality of the catch to the determined identity of the receiver; and
(d) transmit the determined catch quality, the determined identity of the receiver and the assignment of the catch quality to the determined identity the receiver to a remote recipient.
18. The evaluation system of claim 15 , wherein the electronics are to determine a catch rating of a catch of the throw the football, the catch rating being based upon a composite of the thrown ball catchability and a catch quality determined by the electronics based upon those portions of the strings of sensor signals received during the throw after a sensed impact of the football with a receiver.
19. The evaluation system of claim 1 , wherein the electronics are to determine a velocity of the football immediately prior to an electronics determined impact of football with a receiver and to determine a catch rating of a catch of the throw of the football, the catch rating being based upon a catch quality determined by the electronics based upon those portions of the strings of sensor signals received during the throw after a sensed impact of the football with the receiver and the determined velocity.
20. The evaluation system of claim 1 , wherein the electronics are to determine a wobble of the football immediately prior to an electronics determined impact of football with a receiver and to determine a catch rating of a catch of the throw of the football, the catch rating being based upon a catch quality determined by the electronics based upon those portions of the strings of sensor signals received during the throw after a sensed impact of the football with the receiver and the determined wobble.
21. The evaluation system of claim 1 , wherein the electronics is further configured to identify those portions of the string of sensor signals pertaining to securement of the football following a catch and output a catch securement rating based upon a comparison of the identified securement signals to at least one predetermined threshold.
22. The evaluation system of claim 1 , wherein the electronics is further configured to determine a trajectory of the football prior to an electronics' determined impact of football with a receiver and to determine the height at which the ball was caught based upon a combination of the determined trajectory and the electronics determined impact of the football with the receiver.
23. The evaluation system of claim 1 , wherein the electronics are to further track a throw count for a quarterback, to track an acceleration magnitude over time for the number of throws of the football based upon the received sensor signals and output an arm load score based upon the track acceleration magnitude and the tracked number of throws.
24. The evaluation system of claim 19 , wherein the electronics are further to: (a) determine a time at which the throw of the football is caught; and (b) determine a catch quality based upon those portions of the received strings of sensor signals during the determined time at which the throw the football is caught.