Copper-nickel-tin alloys
Disclosed are various processes for preparing a strip or plate of a copper-nickel-tin alloy. The processes begin with an input, usually of a rectangular shape. The input is hot rolled and annealed. The input is then subjected to a first cold reduction, a first annealing a second cold reduction, a second annealing, a third cold reduction, and a third annealing. If desired, a fourth cold reduction, a fourth annealing, and a fifth cold reduction may be performed. The resulting strip or plate is very smooth and has increased fatigue life, along with high strength.
1. A process for preparing a strip or plate of a copper-nickel-tin-alloy, comprising:
a first cold reduction of an input made of the copper-nickel-tin-alloy, comprising copper, tin, at least about 8 wt % nickel, and optional unavoidable impurities, performed to achieve a thickness reduction of 10% to 80%;
a first annealing of the input performed at a temperature of 760° C. to 788° C. (1400° F. to 1450° F.);
a second cold reduction of the input performed to achieve a thickness reduction of 40% to 60%;
a second annealing of the input performed at a temperature of 760° C. to 788° C. (1400° F. to 1450° F.);
a third cold reduction of the input performed to achieve a thickness reduction of 40% to 60%;
a third annealing of the input performed at a temperature of 750° C. to 770° C. (1375° F. to 1425° F.); and
a final cold reduction of the input to obtain the strip or plate,
wherein the resulting strip or plate has an Sz of 75 micro-inches or less at a thickness of 0.0072 Angstroms, when measured according to ISO 25178.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the resulting strip or plate has a fatigue life of greater than 400,000 cycles at a maximum stress of 65 ksi.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the resulting strip or plate has an Sv of 45 micro-inches or less at a thickness of 0.0072 Angstroms, when measured according to ISO 25178, or wherein the resulting strip or plate has an Sdr of 0.01 or less at a thickness of 0.0072 Angstroms, when measured according to ISO 25178.
4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a fourth cold reduction of the input, and a fourth annealing of the input, which are performed after the third annealing and before the final cold reduction.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the fourth cold reduction is performed to achieve a thickness reduction of about 40% to about 60%.
6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the fourth annealing is performed at a temperature of about 1375° F. to about 1425° F.
7. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
hot rolling the input; and
an initial annealing of the input after the hot rolling;
wherein the hot rolling and the initial annealing are performed prior to the first cold reduction.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the hot working is performed to achieve a thickness reduction of about 40% to about 60%.
9. The process of claim 7 , wherein the initial annealing is performed at a temperature of about 1525° F. to about 1575° F.
10. The strip or plate produced by the process of claim 1 .
11. The strip or plate of claim 10 , having a 0.2% offset yield strength of about 100 MPa to about 1500 MPa; or having an ultimate tensile strength of about 400 MPa to about 1550 MPa.
12. The strip or plate of claim 10 , having a Vickers hardness (HV) of about 90 to about 470.
13. The strip or plate of claim 10 , having an Sv of 45 micro-inches or less at a thickness of 0.0072 Angstroms, when measured according to ISO 25178; or having an Sdr of 0.01 or less at a thickness of 0.0072 Angstroms, when measured according to ISO 25178.
14. An article made from or comprising the strip or plate of claim 10 .
15. A method of using the strip or plate of claim 10 , comprising shaping the strip or plate to form an article.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the copper-nickel-tin alloy consists of copper, tin, at least about 8 wt % nickel, and optional unavoidable impurities.