Measurement of edema
The present disclosure provides apparatuses and methods for measuring sub-epidermal moisture to provide clinicians with information related to physical conditions and ailments associated with accumulation or depletion of extracellular fluid.
1. An apparatus for assessing preeclampsia, said apparatus comprising:
a sensor comprising at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode, wherein said sensor is configured to be placed against a patient's skin sequentially at a first location and a second location, wherein the locations are corresponding locations on a patient's body,
a circuit electronically coupled to said first and second electrodes and configured to measure a first electrical property and a second electrical property at said first and said second locations respectively and provide information regarding said first and said second electrical properties, wherein each electrical property is measured between said first and second electrodes,
a processor electronically coupled to said circuit and configured to receive said information, and
a non-transitory computer-readable medium electronically coupled to said processor and comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed on said processor, perform the steps of:
converting said information regarding said first and second electrical properties into a first sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) value and a second SEM value, respectively, and
comparing said first SEM value and said second SEM value to a predetermined threshold,
wherein a determination that said first SEM value and said second SEM value are both above the predetermined threshold and are also within a predetermined range of each other indicates preeclampsia in said patient.
2. An apparatus for assessing compartment syndrome, said apparatus comprising:
a sensor comprising at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode, wherein said sensor is configured to be placed against a patient's skin,
a circuit electronically coupled to said first and second electrodes and configured to measure an electrical property between said first and second electrodes and provide information regarding said electrical property,
a processor electronically coupled to said circuit and configured to receive said information, and
a non-transitory computer-readable medium electronically coupled to said processor and comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed on said processor, perform the steps of:
converting said information into a first sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) value, and
determining a difference between said first SEM value and a reference value,
wherein said first SEM value is derived from a measurement taken at a first location of the patient's skin, wherein said first SEM value corresponds to a level of extracellular fluid (ECF) at said first location of the patient's skin,
wherein said reference value is a second SEM value derived from a measurement taken at a second location of the patient's skin, wherein said second SEM value corresponds to a level of ECF at said second location of the patient's skin,
wherein said first location is located in a first compartment of the patient's body and said second location is located in a second compartment of the patient's body, and
wherein the magnitude of the difference exceeding a predetermined amount is indicative of compartment syndrome.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said first and second locations are symmetric with respect to a centerline of the patient's body.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said first SEM value exceeding said second SEM value by said predetermined amount is indicative of compartment syndrome at said first location.
5. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said second SEM value exceeding said first SEM value by said predetermined amount is indicative of compartment syndrome at said second location.
6. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first compartment is a forearm compartment in one arm and the second compartment is the corresponding forearm compartment in the other arm.
7. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first compartment is a calf compartment in one leg and the second compartment is the corresponding calf compartment in the other leg.
8. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first compartment is an osteofascial compartment in one hand and the second compartment is the corresponding osteofascial compartment in the other hand.