IP Library › Granted Patent US 10,760,151
Granted Patent B2
US 10,760,151 · App. 15/888,751 · Granted Sep 1, 2020

Galvanically-active in situ formed particles for controlled rate dissolving tools

Inventors: Brian P. Doud (Cleveland Heights, OH); Nicholas J. Farkas (Euclid, OH); Andrew J. Sherman (Mentor, OH)
Assignee: Terves, LLC
C22F1/06C22C1/02C22C23/02C22C23/00
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 10,760,151
App. No.
15/888,751
Granted
Sep 1, 2020
Kind
B2
Abstract

A castable, moldable, and/or extrudable structure using a metallic primary alloy. One or more additives are added to the metallic primary alloy so that in situ galvanically-active reinforcement particles are formed in the melt or on cooling from the melt. The composite contain an optimal composition and morphology to achieve a specific galvanic corrosion rate in the entire composite. The in situ formed galvanically-active particles can be used to enhance mechanical properties of the composite, such as ductility and/or tensile strength. The final casting can also be enhanced by heat treatment, as well as deformation processing such as extrusion, forging, or rolling, to further improve the strength of the final composite over the as-cast material.

Claims (100)

1. A downhole well component at least partially formed of a dissolvable magnesium cast material, said dissolvable magnesium cast material comprising a mixture of magnesium and additive material or a mixture of magnesium alloy and additive material, said additive material includes i) copper wherein said copper constitutes 0.1-35 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material, ii) nickel wherein said nickel constitutes 0.1-24.5 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material, and/or iii) cobalt wherein said cobalt constitutes 0.1-20 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material, said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes galvanically-active in situ precipitate, said galvanically-active in situ precipitate includes said additive material, said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a dissolution rate of at least 40 mg/cm 2 /hr. in 3 wt. % KCl water mixture at 90° C., said downhole well component includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of a sleeve, a ball, a frac ball, a hydraulic actuating tooling, a tube, a valve, a valve component, and a plug.

2. The downhole well component as defined in claim 1 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes no more than 10 wt. % aluminum.

3. The downhole well component as defined in claim 1 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a dissolution rate of at least 75 mg/cm 2 /hr. in 3 wt. % KCl water mixture at 90° C.

4. The downhole well component as defined in claim 1 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium.

5. The downhole well component as defined in claim 1 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a dissolution rate of 40-325 mg/cm 2 /hr. in 3 wt. % KCl water mixture at 90° C.

6. The downhole well component as defined in claim 2 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a dissolution rate of 40-325 mg/cm 2 /hr. in 3 wt. % KCl water mixture at 90° C.

7. The downhole well component as defined in claim 4 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a dissolution rate of 40-325 mg/cm 2 /hr. in 3 wt. % KCl water mixture at 90° C.

8. The downhole well component as defined in claim 2 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium.

9. The downhole well component as defined in claim 3 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium.

10. The downhole well component as defined in claim 5 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium.

11. The downhole well component as defined in claim 6 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium.

12. The downhole well component as defined in claim 8 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a dissolution rate of at least 75 mg/cm 2 /hr. in 3 wt. % KCl water mixture at 90° C.

13. The downhole well component as defined in claim 2 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes at least 50 wt. % magnesium.

14. The downhole well component as defined in claim 13 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a dissolution rate of at least 75 mg/cm 2 /hr. in 3 wt. % KCl water mixture at 90° C.

15. The downhole well component as defined in claim 1 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes over 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, bismuth, zinc, zirconium, and manganese.

16. The downhole well component as defined in claim 13 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes over 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, bismuth, zinc, zirconium, and manganese.

17. The downhole well component as defined in claim 14 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes over 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, bismuth, zinc, zirconium, and manganese.

18. The downhole well component as defined in claim 17 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes over 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum in an amount of 0.5-10 wt. %, zinc in an amount of 0.1-6 wt. %, zirconium in an amount of 0.01-3 wt. %, manganese in an amount of 0.15-2 wt. %, boron in an amount of 0.0002-0.04 wt. %, and bismuth in an amount of 0.4-0.7 wt. %.

19. The downhole well component as defined in claim 17 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes over 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum in an amount of 0.5-10 wt. %, zinc in an amount of 0.1-3 wt. %, zirconium in an amount of 0.01-1 wt.%, manganese in an amount of 0.15-2 wt.%, boron in an amount of 0.0002-0.04 wt. %, and bismuth in amount of 0.4-0.7 wt. %.

20. The downhole well component as defined in claim 17 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes at least 85 wt.% magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0.5-10 wt.% aluminum, 0.05-6 wt. % zinc, 0.01-3 wt. % zirconium, and 0.15-2 wt. % manganese.

21. The downhole well component as defined in claim 4 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0.5-10 wt. % aluminum, 0.05-6 wt. % zinc, 0.01-3 wt. % zirconium, and 0.15-2 wt. % manganese.

22. The downhole well component as defined in claim 9 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0.5-10 wt. % aluminum, 0.05-6 wt. % zinc, 0.01-3 wt. % zirconium, and 0.15-2 wt. % manganese.

23. The downhole well component as defined in claim 12 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0 . 5 - 10 wt. % aluminum, 0.05-6 wt. % zinc, 0.01-3 wt. % zirconium, and 0.15-2 wt. % manganese.

24. The downhole well component as defined in claim 17 , wherein said magnesium alloy comprises greater than 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0.5-10 wt. % aluminum, 0.1-2 wt. % zinc, 0.01-1 wt. % zirconium, and 0.15-2 wt. % manganese.

25. The downhole well component as defined in claim 17 , wherein said magnesium alloy comprises greater than 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0.1-3 wt. % zinc, 0.05-1 wt. % zirconium, 0.05-0.25 wt. % manganese, 0.0002-0.04 wt. % boron, and 0.4-0.7 wt. % bismuth.

26. The downhole well component as defined in claim 17 , wherein said magnesium alloy comprises 60-95 wt. % magnesium, 0.5-10 wt.% aluminum, 0.05- 6 wt. % zinc, and 0.15-2 wt. % manganese.

27. The downhole well component as defined in claim 17 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes 60-95 wt. % magnesium and 0.01-1 wt. % zirconium.

28. The downhole well component as defined in claim 17 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes 60-95 wt. % magnesium, 0.05-6 wt. % zinc, and 0.01-1 wt. % zirconium.

29. The downhole well component as defined in claim 17 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes over 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0.1-3 wt. % zinc, 0.01-1 wt. % zirconium, 0.05-1 wt. % manganese, 0.0002-0.04 wt. % boron, and 0.4-0.7 wt. % bismuth.

30. The downhole well component as defined in claim 1 , wherein said additive material includes nickel, said nickel constitutes 0.3-7 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material.

31. The downhole well component as defined in claim 1 , wherein said additive material includes copper, said copper constitutes 0.5-15 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material.

32. The downhole well component as defined in claim 4 , wherein said additive material includes copper, said copper constitutes 0.5-15 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material.

33. The downhole well component as defined in claim 9 , wherein said additive material includes copper, said copper constitutes 0.5-15 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material.

34. The downhole well component as defined in claim 12 , wherein said additive material includes copper, said copper constitutes 0.5-15 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material.

35. The downhole well component as defined in claim 11 , wherein said additive material includes copper, said copper constitutes 0.5-15 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material.

36. The downhole well component as defined in claim 14 , wherein said additive material includes copper, said copper constitutes 0.5-15 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material.

37. The downhole well component as defined in claim 1 , wherein said downhole well component includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of a ball, tube, or plug.

38. The downhole well component as defined in claim 13 , wherein said downhole well component includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of a sleeve, a ball, a frac ball, a hydraulic actuating tooling, a tube, a valve, a valve component, and a plug.

39. The downhole well component as defined in claim 14 , wherein said downhole well component includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of a sleeve, a ball, a frac ball, a hydraulic actuating tooling, a tube, a valve, a valve component, and a plug.

40. The downhole well component as defined in claim 1 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has one or more properties selected from the group consisting of a) a tensile strength of 14-50 ksi, b) a shear strength of 11-25 ksi, and c) an elongation of 3-12%.

41. The downhole well component as defined in claim 4 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has one or more properties selected from the group consisting of a) a tensile strength of 14-50 ksi, b) a shear strength of 11-25 ksi, and c) an elongation of 3-12%.

42. The downhole well component as defined in claim 9 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has one or more properties selected from the group consisting of a) a tensile strength of 14-50 ksi, b) a shear strength of 11-25 ksi, and c) an elongation of 3-12%.

43. The downhole well component as defined in claim 12 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has one or more properties selected from the group consisting of a) a tensile strength of 14-50 ksi, b) a shear strength of 11-25 ksi, and c) an elongation of 3-12%.

44. The downhole well component as defined in claim 13 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has one or more properties selected from the group consisting of a) a tensile strength of 14-50 ksi, b) a shear strength of 11-25 ksi, and c) an elongation of 3-12%.

45. The downhole well component as defined in claim 14 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has one or more properties selected from the group consisting of a) a tensile strength of 14-50 ksi, b) a shear strength of 11-25 ksi, and c) an elongation of 3-12%.

46. A downhole well component at least partially formed of a dissolvable magnesium cast material, said dissolvable magnesium cast material comprising a mixture of magnesium and additive material or a mixture of magnesium alloy and additive material, said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes at least 50 wt. % magnesium, said additive material added to said magnesium or magnesium alloy during formation of said dissolvable magnesium cast material, said additive material includes i) copper wherein said copper constitutes 0.5-15 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material and/or ii) nickel wherein said nickel constitutes 0.1-23.5 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material, said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes in situ precipitate, said in situ precipitate includes said additive material, said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a dissolution rate of at least 40 mg/cm 2 /hr. in 3 wt. % KCl water mixture at 90° C., said downhole well component including one or more components selected from the group consisting of a sleeve, a ball, a frac ball, a hydraulic actuating tooling, a tube, a valve, a valve component, and a plug.

47. The downhole well component as defined in claim 46 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes no more than 10 wt. % aluminum.

48. The downhole well component as defined in claim 46 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a dissolution rate of at least 75 mg/cm 2 /hr. in 3 wt. % KCl water mixture at 90° C.

49. The downhole well component as defined in claim 47 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a dissolution rate of at least 75 mg/cm 2 /hr. in 3 wt. % KCl water mixture at 90° C.

50. The downhole well component as defined in claim 46 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium.

51. The downhole well component as defined in claim 48 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium.

52. The downhole well component as defined in claim 49 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium.

53. The downhole well component as defined in claim 49 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0.5-10 wt. % aluminum, 0.05-6 wt. % zinc, 0.01-3 wt. % zirconium, and 0.15-2 wt. % manganese.

54. The downhole well component as defined in claim 52 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0.5-10 wt. % aluminum, 0.05-6 wt. % zinc, 0.01-3 wt. % zirconium, and 0.15-2 wt. % manganese.

55. The downhole well component as defined in claim 46 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes over 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, bismuth, zinc, zirconium, and manganese.

56. The downhole well component as defined in claim 49 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes over 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, bismuth, zinc, zirconium, and manganese.

57. The downhole well component as defined in claim 55 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes over 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum in an amount of 0.5-10 wt. %, zinc in an amount of 0.1-6 wt. %, zirconium in an amount of 0.01-3 wt. %, manganese in an amount of 0.15-2 wt. %, boron in an amount of 0.0002-0.04 wt. %, and bismuth in an amount of 0.4-0.7 wt. %.

58. The downhole well component as defined in claim 56 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes over 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum in an amount of 0.5-10 wt. %, zinc in an amount of 0 . 1 - 6 wt. %, zirconium in an amount of 0.01-3 wt. %, manganese in an amount of 0.15-2 wt. %, boron in an amount of 0.0002-0.04 wt. %, and bismuth in an amount of 0.4-0.7 wt. %.

59. The downhole well component as defined in claim 55 , wherein said magnesium alloy comprises greater than 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0.5-10 wt. % aluminum, 0.1-2 wt. % zinc, 0.01-1 wt. % zirconium, and 0.15-2 wt. % manganese.

60. The downhole well component as defined in claim 56 , wherein said magnesium alloy comprises greater than 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0.5-10 wt. % aluminum, 0.1-2 wt. % zinc, 0.01-1 wt. % zirconium, and 0.15-2 wt. % manganese.

61. The downhole well component as defined in claim 55 , wherein said magnesium alloy comprises greater than 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0.1-3 wt. % zinc, 0.05-1 wt. % zirconium, 0.05-0.25 wt. % manganese, 0.0002-0.04 wt. % boron, and 0.4-0.7 wt. % bismuth.

62. The downhole well component as defined in claim 56 , wherein said magnesium alloy comprises greater than 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0.1-3 wt. % zinc, 0.05-1 wt. % zirconium, 0.05-0.25 wt. % manganese, 0.0002-0.04 wt. % boron, and 0.4-0.7 wt. % bismuth.

63. The downhole well component as defined in claim 55 , wherein said magnesium alloy comprises 60-95 wt. % magnesium, 0.5-10 wt. % aluminum, 0.05-6 wt. % zinc, and 0.15-2 wt. % manganese.

64. The downhole well component as defined in claim 56 , wherein said magnesium alloy comprises 60-95 wt. % magnesium, 0.5-10 wt. % aluminum, 0.05-6 wt. % zinc, and 0.15-2 wt. % manganese.

65. The downhole well component as defined in claim 55 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes 60-95 wt. % magnesium and 0.01-1 wt. % zirconium.

66. The downhole well component as defined in claim 56 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes 60-95 wt. % magnesium and 0.01-1 wt. % zirconium.

67. The downhole well component as defined in claim 55 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes 60-95 wt. % magnesium, 0.05-6 wt. % zinc, and 0.01-1 wt. % zirconium.

68. The downhole well component as defined in claim 56 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes 60-95 wt. % magnesium, 0.05-6 wt. % zinc, and 0.01-1 wt. % zirconium.

69. The downhole well component as defined in claim 55 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes over 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0.1-3 wt. % zinc, 0.01-1 wt. % zirconium, 0.05-1 wt. % manganese, 0.0002-0.04 wt. % boron, and 0.4-0.7 wt. % bismuth.

70. The downhole well component as defined in claim 56 , wherein said magnesium alloy includes over 50 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0.1-3 wt. % zinc, 0.01-1 wt. % zirconium, 0.05-1 wt. % manganese, 0.0002-0.04 wt. % boron, and 0.4-0.7 wt. % bismuth.

71. The downhole well component as defined in claim 46 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a tensile strength of 14-50 ksi, a shear strength of 11 - 25 ksi, and an elongation of 3-12%.

72. The downhole well component as defined in claim 69 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a tensile strength of 14-50 ksi, a shear strength of 11-25 ksi, and an elongation of 3-12%.

73. The downhole well component as defined in claim 70 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a tensile strength of 14-50 ksi, a shear strength of 11-25 ksi, and an elongation of 3-12%.

74. A downhole well component at least partially formed of a dissolvable magnesium cast material, said dissolvable magnesium cast material comprising a mixture of magnesium and additive material or a mixture of magnesium alloy and additive material, said dissolvable magnesium cast material including includes at least 50 wt. % magnesium, said additive material is added to said magnesium or magnesium alloy during formation of said dissolvable magnesium cast material, said additive material includes nickel wherein said nickel constitutes 0.1-23.5 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material, said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes in situ precipitate, said in situ precipitate includes said additive material, said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a dissolution rate of at least 40 mg/cm 2 /hr. in 3 wt. % KCl water mixture at 90° C.

75. The downhole well component as defined in claim 74 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes no more than 10 wt. % aluminum.

76. The downhole well component as defined in claim 74 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a dissolution rate of at least 75 mg/cm 2 /hr. in 3 wt. % KCl water mixture at 90° C.

77. The downhole well component as defined in claim 75 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a dissolution rate of at least 75 mg/cm 2 /hr. in 3 wt. % KCl water mixture at 90° C.

78. The downhole well component as defined in claim 74 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium.

79. The downhole well component as defined in claim 75 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium.

80. The downhole well component as defined in claim 76 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium.

81. The downhole well component as defined in claim 77 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium alloy includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium.

82. The downhole well component as defined in claim 74 , wherein said downhole well component including includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of a sleeve, a ball, a frac ball, a hydraulic actuating tooling, a tube, a valve, a valve component, and a plug.

83. The downhole well component as defined in claim 77 , wherein said downhole well component including includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of a sleeve, a ball, a frac ball, a hydraulic actuating tooling, a tube, a valve, a valve component, and a plug.

84. The downhole well component as defined in claim 81 , wherein said downhole well component including includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of a sleeve, a ball, a frac ball, a hydraulic actuating tooling, a tube, a valve, a valve component, and a plug.

85. The downhole well component as defined in claim 74 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a tensile strength of 14-50 ksi, a shear strength of 11-25 ksi, and an elongation of 3-12%.

86. The downhole well component as defined in claim 82 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a tensile strength of 14-50 ksi, a shear strength of 11-25 ksi, and an elongation of 3-12%.

87. The downhole well component as defined in claim 83 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a tensile strength of 14-50 ksi, a shear strength of 11-25 ksi, and an elongation of 3-12%.

88. The downhole well component as defined in claim 83 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a tensile strength of 14-50 ksi, a shear strength of 11-25 ksi, and an elongation of 3-12%.

89. A downhole well component at least partially formed of a dissolvable magnesium cast material, said dissolvable magnesium cast material comprising a mixture of magnesium alloy and additive material, said magnesium alloy includes at least 85 wt. % magnesium and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, bismuth, zinc, zirconium, and manganese, said additive material added to said magnesium alloy during formation of said dissolvable magnesium cast material, said additive material includes nickel wherein said nickel constitutes at least 0.01 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material, said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes in situ precipitate, said in situ precipitate includes said additive material, said dissolvable magnesium cast material has a dissolution rate of at least 75 mg/cm 2 /hr. in 3 wt. % KCl water mixture at 90° C., said downhole well component includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of a sleeve, a ball, a frac ball, a hydraulic actuating tooling, a tube, a valve, a valve component, and a plug.

90. The downhole well component as defined in claim 89 , wherein said dissolvable magnesium cast material includes no more than 10 wt. % aluminum.

91. The downhole well component as defined in claim 89 , wherein said nickel constitutes 0.01-5 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material.

92. The downhole well component as defined in claim 90 , wherein said nickel constitutes 0.01-5 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material.

93. The downhole well component as defined in claim 89 , wherein said nickel constitutes 0.1-24.5 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material.

94. The downhole well component as defined in claim 90 , wherein said nickel constitutes 0.1-24.5 wt. % of said dissolvable magnesium cast material.

95. The downhole well component as defined in claim 89 , wherein said in situ precipitate has a size of less than 50 μm.

96. The downhole well component as defined in claim 90 , wherein said in situ precipitate has a size of less than 50 μm.

97. The downhole well component as defined in claim 91 , wherein said in situ precipitate has a size of less than 50 μm.

98. The downhole well component as defined in claim 92 , wherein said in situ precipitate has a size of less than 50 μm.

99. The downhole well component as defined in claim 93 , wherein said in situ precipitate has a size of less than 50 μm.

100. The downhole well component as defined in claim 94 , wherein said in situ precipitate has a size of less than 50 μm.

Assignments (2)
CHANGE OF NAME Recorded Jul 1, 2019
From: TERVES INC.
To: TERVES, LLC
Reel/Frame 049637/0460 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Feb 5, 2018
From: DOUD, BRIAN P.; FARKAS, NICHOLAS J.; SHERMAN, ANDREW J.
To: TERVES INC.
Reel/Frame 044834/0091 →
Continuity (3)
Division 14689295 · Apr 17, 2015
Provisional Application 61981425 · Apr 18, 2014
Related Publication 20180155813A1 · Jun 7, 2018