Coated U3Si2 pellets with enhanced water and steam oxidation resistance
A method of forming a water resistant boundary on a fissile material for use in a water cooled nuclear reactor is described. The method comprises coating the fissile material, such as a pellet of U 3 Si 2 and/or the grain boundaries, to a desired thickness with a suitable coating material, such as atomic layer deposition or a thermal spray process. The coating material may be any non-reactive material with a solubility at least as low as that of UO 2 . Exemplary coating materials include ZrSiO 4 , FeCrAl, Cr, Zr, Al—Cr, CrAl, ZrO 2 , CeO 2 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 , UO 2 , ZrB 2 , Na 2 O—B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 glass, Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , carbon, and SiC, and combinations thereof. The water resistant layer may be overlayed with a burnable absorber layer, such as ZrB 2 or B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 glass.
1. A method comprising:
coating a fissile material with a water resistant layer, the layer being non-reactive with the fissile material,
wherein the fissile material is in the form of a pellet, and the coating is applied to a surface of the fissile material.
2. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the fissile material is U 3 Si 2 .
3. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the water resistant layer is selected from the group consisting of ZrSiO 4 , FeCrAl, Cr, Zr, Al—Cr, CrAl, ZrO 2 , CeO 2 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 , UO 2 , ZrB 2 , Na 2 O—B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 glass, Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , carbon, and SiC, and combinations thereof.
4. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the coating is applied by atomic layer deposition.
5. The method recited in claim 4 wherein the thickness of the coating is from 0.5 microns to 2 microns.
6. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the coating is applied by a thermal spray process.
7. The method recited in claim 6 wherein the thermal spray process is physical vapor deposition.
8. The method recited in claim 7 wherein the thickness of the coating is from 1 micron to 20 microns for a physical vapor deposited coating.
9. The method recited in claim 6 wherein the thermal spray process is a plasma arc spray.
10. The method recited in claim 9 wherein the thickness of the coating is from 1 micron to 200 microns.
11. The method recited in claim 6 wherein the thermal spray process is a cold spray process.
12. The method recited in claim 6 wherein the thermal spray process is a hot spray process.
13. The method recited in claim 1 further comprising a layer of burnable absorbers over the water resistant layer.
14. The method recited in claim 13 wherein the burnable absorbers are selected from the group consisting of ZrB 2 , B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 glass, and combinations thereof.
15. A fuel for use in a nuclear reactor comprising:
a fissile material coated with a water resistant layer,
wherein the fissile material is in the form of a pellet, and the coating is applied to a surface of the fissile material.
16. The fuel recited in claim 15 wherein the water resistant layer is selected from the group consisting ZrSiO 4 , FeCrAl, Cr, Zr, Al—Cr, CrAl, ZrO 2 , CeO 2 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 , UO 2 , ZrB 2 , Na 2 O—B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 glass, Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , carbon, and SiC, and combinations thereof.
17. The fuel recited in claim 15 wherein the fissile material is U 3 Si 2 .
18. The fuel recited in claim 15 further comprising an integral fuel burnable absorber layer over the water resistant layer for controlling the core reactivity in nuclear reactor operation.
19. The fuel recited in claim 18 wherein the absorber layer is selected from the group consisting of ZrB 2 , B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 glass, and combinations thereof.
20. A method comprising:
coating a fissile material with a water resistant layer, the layer being non-reactive with the fissile material; and
inserting the coated fissile material into a cladding,
wherein the fissile material is in the form of a pellet, and the coating is applied to a surface of the fissile material.