Control method for controlling an injector valve in a fuel injection system, and fuel injection system

1. A control method for controlling at least one injector valve in a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine, the method comprising:

providing a fuel injection system including:

a high-pressure fuel pump with a pump piston which is movable between a bottom dead center (BDC) and a top dead center (TDC) in a pressure chamber during operation and which serves for highly pressurizing a fuel, and

a high-pressure region for storing the highly pressurized fuel and for supplying the highly pressurized fuel to the at least one injector valve;

providing a pressure-limiting valve which, when a predefined opening pressure is reached in the high-pressure region, discharges fuel from the high-pressure region into the pressure chamber of the high-pressure fuel pump;

detecting a fault situation in the fuel injection system, wherein the predefined opening pressure is overshot in the high-pressure region;

detecting TDC times at which the pump piston is situated at the top dead center, and determining a period duration with four evenly distributed quadrants between a first TDC time and a second TDC time; and

controlling the injector valve such that an opening time of the injector valve lies in an opening duration which extends in a second quadrant of the period duration and/or in a third quadrant of the period duration.

2. The control method of claim 1 , wherein the fault situation is detected by a high-pressure sensor arranged in the high-pressure region.

3. The control method of claim 1 , wherein the opening pressure of the pressure-limiting valve is set to be lower than a maximum admissible maximum pressure in the high-pressure region, the maximum pressure is defined in a range above 500 bar.

4. The control method of claim 1 , wherein the injector valve is controlled so as to open only when a fuel demand from the internal combustion engine is present.

5. The control method of claim 1 , wherein, upon a detection of re-entry into a normal mode of the fuel injection system in which the predefined opening pressure is undershot again in the high-pressure region, the injector valve is controlled such that the opening time of the injector valve lies in any one of the four evenly distributed quadrants.

6. The control method of claim 1 , wherein, for the detection of the TDC times at which the pump piston is situated at the top dead center, a characteristic map is stored which assigns a predetermined crank angle of the internal combustion engine to the top dead center.

7. The control method of claim 1 , wherein, for the detection of the TDC times at which the pump piston is situated at the top dead center, a crank angle of the internal combustion engine is acquired.

8. The control method of claim 1 , wherein at least two operating states of the internal combustion engine are provided:

in an overrun mode, no injection of fuel through the injector valve into a combustion chamber takes place,

in an injection mode, at least one injection of fuel through the injector valve into the combustion chamber takes place, and

in the fault situation, the overrun mode of the internal combustion engine is deactivated, such that the internal combustion engine is operated exclusively in the injection mode.

9. The control method of claim 8 , wherein a quantity of fuel is injected through the injector valve that a high pressure takes effect in the high-pressure region which is lower than the maximum pressure and which corresponds to an opening pressure of the pressure-limiting valve.

10. A fuel injection system for injecting fuel into combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, the fuel injection system comprising:

a high-pressure fuel pump with a pump piston which moves between a bottom dead center and a top dead center in a pressure chamber during operation and which serves for highly pressurizing a fuel;

a high-pressure region for storing the highly pressurized fuel and for supplying the highly pressurized fuel to at least one injector valve arranged at the high-pressure region;

a pressure-limiting valve which is arranged in the high-pressure region and which is configured to, when a predefined opening pressure is reached in the high-pressure region, discharge a fuel from the high-pressure region into the pressure chamber of the high-pressure fuel pump; and

a control device configured to:

detect a fault situation in the fuel injection system, wherein the predefined opening pressure is overshot in the high-pressure region;

detect TDC times at which the pump piston is situated at the top dead center,

determine a period duration with four evenly distributed quadrants between a first TDC time and a second TDC time; and

control the injector valve such that an opening time of the injector valve lies in an opening duration which extends in a second quadrant of the period duration and/or in a third quadrant of the period duration.

11. The fuel injection system of claim 10 , further comprising a high-pressure sensor arranged in the high-pressure region, the high-pressure sensor detects the fault situation.

12. The fuel injection system of claim 10 , wherein the opening pressure of the pressure-limiting valve is set to be lower than a maximum admissible maximum pressure in the high-pressure region, the maximum pressure is defined in a range above 500 bar.

13. The fuel injection system of claim 10 , wherein the injector valve is controlled so as to open only when a fuel demand from the internal combustion engine is present.

14. The fuel injection system of claim 10 , wherein, upon a detection of re-entry into a normal mode of the fuel injection system in which the predefined opening pressure is undershot again in the high-pressure region, the injector valve is controlled such that the opening time of the injector valve lies in any one of the four evenly distributed quadrants.

15. The fuel injection system of claim 10 , wherein, for the detection of the TDC times at which the pump piston is situated at the top dead center, the control device stores a characteristic map which assigns a predetermined crank angle of the internal combustion engine to the top dead center.

16. The fuel injection system of claim 10 , wherein the control device further comprises a crank angle acquisition device for determining a crank angle of the internal combustion engine, wherein the control device detects the TDC times at which the pump piston is situated at the top dead center based on the crank angle.

17. The fuel injection system of claim 10 , wherein the internal combustion engine includes at least two operating states:

in an overrun mode, no injection of fuel through the injector valve into a combustion chamber takes place,

in an injection mode, at least one injection of fuel through the injector valve into the combustion chamber takes place, and

in the fault situation, the overrun mode of the internal combustion engine is deactivated, such that the internal combustion engine is operated exclusively in the injection mode.

18. The fuel injection system of claim 17 , wherein a quantity of fuel is injected through the injector valve that a high pressure takes effect in the high-pressure region which is lower than the maximum pressure and which corresponds to an opening pressure of the pressure-limiting valve.