Energy reducing retrofit apparatus for a constant volume HVAC system
An energy-reducing method and apparatus for retrofitting a single zone, constant volume HVAC system, with or without an economizer, that provides heating, cooling, and ventilation to occupants within a building space. The present invention includes the introduction of a programmable logic controller and variable frequency drive (VFD) that takes control of the existing fan, heating, cooling, and optional economizer operation. The reduction of the fan speed in the ventilation mode when the 100% operation is not needed saves significant energy of the existing constant volume HVAC system where the fan motor is designed to run 100% of the time.
1. An efficiency enhancing controller (EEC) for enhancing energy efficiency in an indoor space of a building having an occupancy that is served by a single zone constant volume HVAC system, the EEC comprising:
(a) a programmable logic controller adaptable for the single zone constant volume HVAC system configured to receive input signals from sensors and a thermostatic device and send control heating, cooling, and ventilation instructions or an occupancy command to:
(1) a fan assembly, including a fan motor configured to operate in a range of fan motor speeds, of the single zone constant volume HVAC system to ventilate an indoor space in a building;
(2) a heating assembly that can send heat to the indoor space; and
(3) a cooling assembly that can send cooling to the indoor space; and
(b) a variable frequency drive (VFD) that is configured to receive signals from the programmable logic controller and is configured to control a speed of the fan motor of the fan assembly;
wherein the programmable logic controller is configured to reduce the fan motor speed via the VFD when the sensors indicate that the indoor space is less than fully occupied; and
wherein the programmable logic controller further comprises fault detection for detection of a fan fault, heat/cool (temperature-based) fault, and energy consumption fault.
2. The EEC of claim 1 wherein the fault detection for the energy consumption fault further comprises a circuit logic that is configured to run whenever the EEC is operating and is set to: (a) to gather average outside air temperature, heat mode runtime, cool mode runtime, and ventilation mode runtime information at preset intervals to form sampled energy consumption amounts; (b) scan an internal database that comprises a time of day and outside air combination information in order to find a matching combination; and (c) compare sample energy consumption amounts against the internal database.
3. The EEC of claim 1 wherein the fan fault detection and heat/cool (temperature-based) fault detection are interconnected.
4. The EEC of claim 1 wherein the energy consumption fault is configured to be independent from the fan fault and heat/cool (temperature-based) fault and the energy consumption fault runs continuously while the EEC is in operation.
5. The EEC of claim 1 further comprising a central processor and an interconnection configured to network the programmable logic controller with one or more controllers.
6. The EEC of claim 5 wherein the interconnection is wireless.