Methods for removing interstitial material from superabrasive materials of cutting elements using energy beams
A method of forming a cutting element for an earth-boring tool may include directing at least one energy beam at a surface of a volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material including interstitial material disposed in regions between inter-bonded grains of polycrystalline superabrasive material. The method includes ablating the interstitial material with the at least one energy beam such that at least a portion of the interstitial material is removed from a first region of the volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material without any substantial degradation of the inter-bonded grains of superabrasive material or of bonds thereof in the first region.
1. A method of forming a polycrystalline compact, the method comprising:
directing a beam of energy at a volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material comprising inter-bonded grains; and
forming a sinusoidal boundary comprising peaks and troughs, the sinusoidal boundary located between a region of the volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material that is adjacent to an outer surface of the volume and another region of the volume that is adjacent to a substrate;
wherein forming the sinusoidal boundary comprises sublimating at least a portion of interstitial material disposed between the inter-bonded grains in the region of the volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material that is adjacent to the outer surface of the volume to remove at least a portion of the interstitial material from the region of the volume that is adjacent to the outer surface of the volume.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein sublimating at least a portion of the interstitial material disposed between the inter-bonded grains in a region of the volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material comprises removing the interstitial material from the region without removing the interstitial material from the region that is adjacent to the substrate.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
directing at least one additional beam of energy at the volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material; and
sublimating at least another portion of the interstitial material from another region adjacent to the outer surface of the volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising emitting the beam of energy from a laser.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein emitting the beam of energy comprises emitting a beam of energy having a wavelength between 200 nm and 800 nm.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein emitting the beam of energy comprises emitting a beam of energy having a fluence between 0.25 J/cm 2 and 25 J/cm 2.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein emitting the beam of energy comprises emitting a beam of energy having a pulse width between 2 ns and 300 ns.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein sublimating at least a portion of the interstitial material comprises sublimating a catalytic material.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein sublimating at least a portion of the interstitial material comprises sublimating a material selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, nickel, and alloys and mixtures thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein sublimating at least a portion of the interstitial material comprises sublimating a non-catalytic material.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein directing a beam of energy at a volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material comprises directing the beam of energy at inter- bonded grains of diamond material.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising modifying the beam of energy with an optical or electro-optical attenuator.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising directing a stream of gas toward a location where the beam of energy impinges against the volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein directing a stream of gas comprises selecting a composition of at least a constituent of the gas to enhance degradation of the interstitial material by the beam of energy.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising focusing the beam of energy onto the volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material with a lens.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising flowing water across a surface of the volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material substantially at a location at which the beam of energy impinges against a surface of the volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising manipulating the volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material relative to the beam of energy while directing the beam of energy at the volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising leaching material through a surface of the volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material with a chemical leaching agent.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising deflecting a portion of the beam of energy toward an energy meter.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein directing a beam of energy at a volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material comprises directing a beam of particles at the volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material.
21. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming the sinusoidal boundary such that the peaks and the troughs extend, in a plane in three-dimensional space, radially around, and perpendicular to a longitudinal axis at a center of the polycrystalline compact.
22. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming the sinusoidal boundary such that the peaks and the troughs extend, in a plane in three-dimensional space, axially outwardly from, and perpendicular to a longitudinal axis at a center of the polycrystalline compact.
23. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming the sinusoidal boundary such that the peaks and the troughs extend, in both an x direction and a y direction a plane in three-dimensional space, perpendicular to a longitudinal axis at a center of the polycrystalline compact.