Ionic and electronic conductive binder in thick electrodes
An electrode for an electrochemical device has a current collector, an electrolyte layer, and an active material layer between the current collector and the electrolyte layer comprising active material. The active material layer has a first sub-layer in contact with the electrolyte layer, the first sub-layer having only an electronically conductive polymer binder as a binder material; a second sub-layer in contact with the current collector, the second sub-layer having only an ionically conductive polymer binder as the binder material; and a mid-layer between the first sub-layer and the second sub-layer.
1. An electrode, comprising:
a current collector;
an electrolyte layer; and
an active material layer between the current collector and the electrolyte layer comprising active material, wherein the active material layer has:
a first sub-layer in contact with the electrolyte layer, the first sub-layer having only an electronically conductive polymer binder as a binder material;
a second sub-layer in contact with the current collector, the second sub-layer having only an ionically conductive polymer binder as the binder material, wherein the ionically conductive polymer binder is a lithiated material and is different than the electronically conductive polymer binder; and
a mid-layer between the first sub-layer and the second sub-layer.
2. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the electronically conducting polymer binder is PEDOT:PSS.
3. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conducting polymer binder is lithiated C 7 HF 13 O 5 S.C 2 F 4 , lithiated PFSA, or lithiated PFIA.
4. The electrode of claim 1 , further comprising:
ionically conductive tubing in the second sub-layer with ends of the ionically conductive tubing extending into the electrolyte layer.
5. The electrode of claim 4 , wherein the ionically conducting tubing is made from lithiated C 7 HF 13 O 5 S.C 2 F 4 , lithiated PFSA, or lithiated PFIA.
6. The electrode of claim 4 , wherein the ionically conductive tubing extends across a majority of a width and a length of the second sub-layer.
7. The electrode of claim 4 , wherein the ionically conductive tubing extends into the mid-layer.
8. The electrode of claim 7 , wherein the ionically conductive tubing continuously and randomly winds through the second sub-layer and the mid-layer.
9. The electrode of claim 7 , wherein the mid-layer comprises only electronically conductive polymer binder as binder material.
10. The electrode of claim 9 , wherein the first sub-layer has a higher concentration of the electronically conductive polymer binder than a concentration of the electronically conductive polymer binder in the mid-layer.
11. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the mid-layer comprises both the electronically conductive polymer binder and the ionically conductive polymer binder as the binder material.
12. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the active material layer has a thickness of between 100 microns and 1000 microns.
13. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the active material layer has no conductive agent in addition to the electronically conducting polymer binder.
14. An electrochemical device, comprising the electrode of claim 1 as a cathode.
15. An electrochemical device, comprising the electrode of claim 1 as an anode.
16. An electrode, comprising:
a current collector;
an electrolyte layer; and
an active material layer between the current collector and the electrolyte layer comprising active material, wherein the active material layer has:
a first sub-layer in contact with the electrolyte layer, the first sub-layer having only an electronically conductive polymer binder as a binder material;
a second sub-layer in contact with the current collector, the second sub-layer having only an ionically conductive polymer binder as the binder material; and
a mid-layer between the first sub-layer and the second sub-layer, wherein the mid-layer comprises both the electronically conductive polymer binder and the ionically conductive polymer binder as the binder material, the first sub-layer has a higher concentration of the electronically conductive polymer binder than a concentration of the electronically conductive polymer binder in the mid-layer and the second sub-layer has a higher concentration of the ionically conductive polymer binder than a concentration of the ionically conductive polymer binder in the mid-layer.
17. An electrode, comprising:
an active material layer having a first sub-layer, a second sub-layer and a mid-layer between the first sub-layer and the second sub-layer, each of the first sub-layer, second sub-layer and mid-layer having active material, and wherein:
the first sub-layer has only an electronically conductive polymer binder as a binder material; and
the second sub-layer has only an ionically conductive polymer binder as the binder material and ionically conductive tubing in the second sub-layer with ends of the ionically conductive tubing configured to extend into an electrolyte layer.
18. The electrode of claim 17 , wherein the electronically conducting polymer binder is PEDOT:PSS and the ionically conducting polymer binder is lithiated C 7 HF 13 O 5 S.C 2 F 4 , lithiated PFSA, or lithiated PFIA.
19. The electrode of claim 17 , wherein the ionically conductive tubing extends into the mid-layer.
20. The electrode of claim 17 , wherein the active material layer has no conductive agent in addition to the electronically conducting polymer binder.