Energy-harvesting chromogenic devices
The present disclosure relates to devices that include a perovskite, where, when a first condition is met, at least a portion of the perovskite is in a first phase that substantially transmits light, when a second condition is met, at least a portion of the perovskite is in a second phase that substantially absorbs light, and the perovskite is reversibly switchable between the first phase and the second phase by reversibly switching between the first condition and the second condition.
1. A thermochromic window comprising:
a perovskite layer comprising (NH 2 CHNH 3 ) 0.2 Cs 0.3 (CH 3 NH 3 ) 0.5 Pb 0.5 Sn 0.5 I 2.1 Br 0.9 ; and
a triggering molecule comprising phenyldiazenylbenzoic acid, wherein:
a voltage source is configured to provide energy to the perovskite layer to heat the perovskite layer from a first temperature to a second temperature,
when at the first temperature, at least a portion of the perovskite layer is in a first phase that substantially transmits light,
when at the second temperature, at least a portion of the perovskite layer is in a second phase that substantially absorbs light, and
the perovskite layer is reversibly switchable between the first phase and the second phase by reversibly switching between the first temperature and the second temperature.
2. The thermochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the first phase comprises a first crystal system selected from the group consisting of triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, trigonal, hexagonal, rhombohedral, hexagonal, and cubic.
3. The thermochromic window of claim 2 , wherein the second phase comprises a second crystal system selected from the group consisting of triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, trigonal, hexagonal, rhombohedral, hexagonal, and cubic.
4. The thermochromic window of claim 1 , wherein:
the first phase comprises an orthorhombic crystal system, and
the second phase comprises a cubic crystal system.
5. The thermochromic window of claim 3 , wherein:
the first phase comprises a first crystal system having a first symmetry, and
the second phase comprises a second crystal system having a second symmetry.
6. The thermochromic window of claim 5 , wherein the first symmetry is selected from the group consisting of P222, Pmm2, Pm-3m, Pba2, Cmca, Cmmm, Imma, pnma, Amm2,P6, P2n3, I432, P 4/m 3 2/m, and F 2/d 3.
7. The thermochromic window of claim 6 , wherein the second symmetry is selected from the group consisting of P222, Pmm2, Pm-3m, Pba2, Cmca, Cmmm, Imma, pnma, Amm2, P6, P2n3, I432, P 4/m 3 2/m, and F 2/d 3.
8. The thermochromic window of claim 7 , wherein:
the first crystal system and the second crystal system are both substantially orthorhombic,
the first symmetry is Amm2, and
the second symmetry is Pmnb.
9. The thermochromic window of claim 7 , wherein:
the first crystal system is orthorhombic,
the second crystal system is cubic,
the first symmetry is Pmnb, and
the second symmetry is Pm-3m.
10. The thermochromic window of claim 7 , wherein:
the first crystal system is orthorhombic,
the second crystal system is cubic,
the first symmetry is pnma, and
the second symmetry is P2n3.
11. The thermochromic window of claim 7 wherein:
the first crystal system is hexagonal,
the second crystal system is selected from the group consisting of tetragonal and trigonal,
the first symmetry is P6, and
the second symmetry is selected from the group consisting of I432, P 4/m 3 2/m, and F 2/d 3.
12. The thermochromic window of claim 1 , wherein, when in the second phase at least a portion of the light absorbed by the perovskite layer is converted to a current.
13. The thermochromic window of claim 1 , wherein, when in the first phase, a portion of light is absorbed by the perovskite layer and converted to a current.
14. The thermochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is less than or equal to 200° C.
15. The thermochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the second temperature is between 5° C. and 20° C. higher than the first temperature.
16. The thermochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the voltage source is configured to supply a voltage across the perovskite layer between −20 volt and 20 volts.
17. The thermochromic window of claim 1 , further comprising:
a resistive heating element positioned adjacent to the perovskite layer, wherein:
the voltage source applies a first voltage to the resistive heating element, resulting in the first temperature, and
the voltage source applies a second voltage to the resistive heating element, resulting in the second temperature.