Protection circuit involving positive temperature coefficient device
An electronic protection circuit includes a resettable fuse such as a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor or polymer PTC device. The resettable fuse enters a high-resistance tripped state in response to an overcurrent condition. One or more electrically controllable switches are placed in series with the resettable fuse. A monitoring and control circuit monitors voltage across the resettable fuse and to opens the switches when the voltage is outside of a predetermined range. The switches can remain open after the overcurrent event is resolved in order to allow the resettable fuse time to reset.
1. An electronic protection circuit comprising:
a resettable fuse coupled to a voltage terminal input, the resettable fuse configured to enter a high-resistance state in response to an overcurrent condition through the resettable fuse;
one or more electrically controllable switches in series with the resettable fuse;
and
a monitoring and control circuit configured to monitor a voltage across the resettable fuse and to open the switches in response to detection of the voltage across the resettable fuse being outside of a predetermined range, and
wherein detection includes detection of both positive and negative voltage transients outside of the predetermined range.
2. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the resettable fuse is a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor or a polymeric PTC device.
3. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the electronic protection circuit is located between a ground plane and a negative voltage terminal of a protected circuit.
4. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the electronic protection circuit is located between a positive or negative source of supply voltage and a positive or negative voltage terminal of a protected circuit.
5. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrically controllable switches include a pair of switches placed in series.
6. The circuit of claim 5 , wherein the monitoring and control circuit is electrically coupled to the pair of switches and to an electrical conductor directly coupling the pair of switches.
7. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the switches are transistors.
8. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring and control circuit is further configured to close the one or more switches after a predetermined time thereby transitioning the resettable fuse from the high-resistance state to a low-resistance state.
9. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring and control circuit is further configured to close the one or more switches after cessation of the overcurrent condition, an overvoltage condition, or both.
10. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring and control circuit comprises a first portion configured to open the one or more switches when the voltage is above a first predetermined threshold and a second portion configured to open the switches when the voltage is below a second predetermined threshold lower than the first predetermined threshold.
11. The circuit of claim 10 , wherein the first portion comprises a first timing circuit, the first portion configured to rapidly operate the switches to open when the voltage is above the first predetermined threshold and to hold the switches open until timeout of the first timing circuit.
12. The circuit of claim 10 , wherein the second portion comprises a second timing circuit, the second portion configured to rapidly operate the switches to open when the voltage is below the second predetermined threshold and to hold the switches open until timeout of the second timing circuit.
13. A method for protecting a circuit, comprising:
monitoring a voltage across a resettable fuse, the resettable fuse configured to transition from a low-resistance state to a high-resistance state in response to an overcurrent condition through the resettable fuse;
in response to detection of the voltage across the resettable fuse being outside of a predetermined threshold, automatically opening one or more electrically controllable switches in series with the resettable fuse, and
wherein detection includes detection of both positive and negative voltage transients outside of the predetermined range.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising closing the one or more electrically controllable switches after a predetermined time thereby transitioning the resettable fuse from the high-resistance state back to the low-resistance state.
15. The circuit of claim 13 , further comprising opening a first portion of the one or more switches when the voltage is above a first predetermined threshold and opening a second portion of the switches when the voltage is below a second predetermined threshold that is lower than the first predetermined threshold.