Method for making a composite material
A method for manufacturing a composite material includes forming a composite precursor material comprising a nonwoven layer comprising a plurality of fibers and a polymer film layer laminated to the nonwoven layer; forming a plurality of apertured extended cells in the polymer film layer, each of the apertured extended cells having a continuous sidewall extending away from the nonwoven layer that terminates in an aperture at a distal end; and, while forming the plurality of apertured extended cells, pushing, with a fluid, at least one of the fibers into at least one of the apertured extended cells so that a portion of the at least one of the fibers extends into the at least one of the apertured extended cells and through the aperture at the distal end.
1. A method for manufacturing a composite material, the method comprising:
forming a composite precursor material comprising a nonwoven layer comprising a plurality of fibers and a polymer film layer, comprising a solid polymeric web, laminated to the nonwoven layer;
loading the composite precursor material onto a forming structure comprising a plurality of apertures such that the polymer film layer is disposed against the forming structure and the nonwoven layer is separated from the forming structure by the polymer film layer;
forming a plurality of apertured extended cells by applying a fluid to the composite precursor material on a side with the nonwoven layer while the composite precursor material is disposed against the forming structure, thereby creating a composite material,
wherein the plurality of apertured extended cells extend away from lands, in the polymer film layer, and
wherein each of the apertured extended cells comprises
a first aperture, with a first area, proximal to the nonwoven layer,
a second aperture, with a second area smaller than the first area, distal from the nonwoven layer, and
a continuous sidewall extending from the first aperture and terminating at the second aperture at a distal end thereof;
while forming the plurality of apertured extended cells, pushing, with the fluid, a portion of at least one of the fibers into at least one of the apertured extended cells, so that the portion of the at least one of the fibers extends into the at least one of the apertured extended cells and through the second aperture at the distal end thereof; and
aperturing the composite material to form a plurality of macro extended cells in addition to the plurality of apertured extended cells;
wherein the polymer film layer comprises a first surface separated from a second surface by a thickness of the polymer film layer,
wherein the first surface is disposed adjacent to the nonwoven layer, the second surface is separated from the nonwoven layer by the thickness, and the continuous sidewall extends away from the nonwoven layer, from the first aperture to the second aperture,
wherein a height of the plurality of apertured extended cells is greater than the thickness, and
wherein, during aperturing, macro extended cells are formed by passing the composite material through a nip between a pin roll having a pattern of pins protruding from a surface thereof and a counter roll having a matching pattern of cavities recessed in a surface thereof while the pin roll and the counter roll rotate in opposite directions.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein forming the composite precursor material comprises passing a nonwoven web through a nip between low pressure nip rolls while a molten polymer film is simultaneously extruded into the nip to form the polymer film layer on the nonwoven layer.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid is a liquid.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the liquid comprises water.
5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein forming the plurality of apertured extended cells in the polymer film layer and pushing the portion of the at least one of the fibers into and through the at least one of the apertured extended cells comprises contacting the polymer film layer with the forming structure as a plurality of pressurized liquid jets apply the liquid onto the nonwoven layer while the composite precursor material passes over the forming structure and a vacuum slot area located beneath the forming structure.
6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising forming the macro extended cells in a pattern having a mesh count of less than 40 apertures per linear inch, after pushing the portion of the at least one of the fibers into the at least one of the apertured extended cells.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the the macro extended cells have a mesh count of between about 3 apertures per linear inch and about 25 apertures per linear inch.
8. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising passing the composite material through a nip between an embossing roll having a three-dimensional pattern on an outer surface thereof and a counter roll while the embossing roll and the counter roll rotate in opposite directions to form the three-dimensional pattern in the composite material.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of apertured extended cells has a mesh count of between about 3 cells per linear inch and about 120 cells per linear inch.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the mesh count is between about 40 cells per linear inch and about 120 cells per linear inch.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of apertured extended cells are micro-cells.
12. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising incorporating a surfactant into the nonwoven layer.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the plurality of fibers comprises the surfactant.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the continuous sidewall forms at least one of a cone or a volcano.