Obstructive sleep apnea treatment devices, systems and methods
Devices, systems and methods of neurostimulation for treating obstructive sleep apnea. The system is adapted to send an electrical signal from an implanted neurostimulator through a stimulation lead to a patient's nerve at an appropriate phase of the respiratory cycle based on input from a respiration sensing lead. External components are adapted for wireless communication with the neurostimulator. The neurostimulator is adapted to deliver therapeutic stimulation based on inputs.
1. A nerve stimulation system, comprising:
a stimulation delivery lead; and
an implantable neurostimulator connected to the stimulation delivery lead, wherein the neurostimulator is programmed to:
deliver nerve stimulation therapy to a subject at a first intensity during a first therapy period of the nerve stimulation therapy, wherein the first intensity is within a range having a lower bound and an upper bound, wherein the subject is awake during at least an initial portion of the first therapy period, and wherein the upper bound is a discomfort threshold;
detect a wakefulness of the subject; and
modify, based on the detected wakefulness of the subject, the delivery of the nerve stimulation therapy from the first intensity to a second intensity, thereby initiating a second therapy period of the nerve stimulation therapy subsequent to the first therapy period, wherein the second intensity is different from the first intensity, wherein the subject is asleep during at least an initial portion of the second therapy period,
wherein the neurostimulator is configured to deliver the nerve stimulation therapy to a nerve of the subject for treating a respiratory condition of the subject.
2. The nerve stimulation system of claim 1 , wherein a timing of an initiation of the second therapy period is selected before an initiation of the first therapy period.
3. The nerve stimulation system of claim 1 , wherein an initiation of the second therapy period is at least one of based on or responsive to at least one of a fixed duration of time, a number of breaths, a number of stimulations delivered during the first therapy period, an interval assigned to the first therapy period, or a detection of subject activity.
4. The nerve stimulation system of claim 1 , wherein the second intensity is greater than the first intensity.
5. The nerve stimulation system of claim 4 , wherein the second intensity is greater than the discomfort threshold.
6. The nerve stimulation system of claim 1 , wherein the neurostimulator is further programmed to deliver the nerve stimulation therapy at an increasing level of intensity prior to the first therapy period, the increasing level of intensity maximizing at the first intensity.
7. The nerve stimulation system of claim 1 , wherein the first intensity is interposed with at least one of an additional intensity or a non-stimulating intensity of the first therapy period to define a therapy mode.
8. The nerve stimulation system of claim 7 , wherein each delivery of the first intensity is asynchronous with respiration.
9. The nerve stimulation system of claim 7 , wherein the therapy mode is at least one of an ABAB mode, an AOAO mode, an AABB mode, an xABO mode, an xAOB mode, or an xAB mode, wherein “A” represents stimulation delivered at a first level, “B” represents stimulation delivered at a second level, “O” represents non-stimulation, and “x” represents a number of breaths stimulated at the “A” first level.
10. The nerve stimulation system of claim 9 , wherein each delivery of the first intensity is asynchronous with respiration.
11. The nerve stimulation system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first intensity or the second intensity is an amplitude of a current pulse.
12. The nerve stimulation system of claim 11 , wherein the discomfort threshold is defined while the subject is awake.
13. The nerve stimulation system of claim 1 , further comprising an oxygen sensor configured to monitor oxygen levels of the subject and wherein detecting the wakefulness of the subject is based on the oxygen levels of the subject.
14. The nerve stimulation system of claim 1 , further comprising an accelerometer configured to monitor at least one of a body position or a motion event of the subject and wherein detecting the wakefulness of the subject is based on the at least one of the body position or the motion event of the subject.