Fiber composite system and method for pipe reinforcement
View Patent ↗A reinforced pipe and a method of preparing the reinforced pipe are provided. The reinforced pipe has repair area where a wrinkle bend is present in a center section of the repair area. The reinforced pipe comprises a unidirectional fabric circumferentially wrapped around the repair area of the pipe so as to result in multiple layers of the unidirectional fabric around the repair area. The unidirectional fabric is composed of high-performance fibers with at least 90% of the high-performance fibers oriented in the 90° direction, and the unidirectional fabric is wrapped such that the high-performance fibers run in the axial direction. The reinforced pipe further comprises a bidirectional fabric wrapped of over the unidirectional fabric such the at least one layer of bidirectional fabric is wrapped over the unidirectional fabric.
1. A reinforced pipe having an axial direction and a circumferential direction with a wrinkle bend oriented in the circumferential direction, the pipe comprising:
a repair area having a left section, a right section and a center section such that the center section is between the left section and the right section, and the center section contains the wrinkle bend;
a unidirectional fabric circumferentially wrapped around the repair area of the pipe so as to result in multiple layers of the unidirectional fabric around the repair area; wherein the unidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length and a 90° direction corresponding to the width, and wherein the unidirectional fabric is composed of high-performance fibers with at least 90% of the high-performance fibers oriented in the 90° direction, and wherein the unidirectional fabric is wrapped such that the high-performance fibers run in the axial direction; and
a bidirectional fabric wrapped over the unidirectional fabric such that the at least one layer of bidirectional fabric is wrapped over the unidirectional fabric, and the layers of unidirectional fabric and layers of bidirectional fabric make up the total layers of fabric around the repair areas, and wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 70% of the total layers of fabric at the center section.
2. The reinforced pipe of claim 1 , wherein the unidirectional fabric and bidirectional fabric are wrapped wet with resin.
3. The reinforced pipe of claim 1 , wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 60% of the total layers of fabric at the left edge section and makes up at least 60% of the total layers of fabric at the right edge section, and wherein the bidirectional fabric makes up at least 20% of the total layers of fabric at the left edge section and makes up at least 20% of the total layers of fabric at the right edge section.
4. The reinforced pipe of claim 3 , wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 75% of the total layers of fabric at the center section, wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 65% of the total layers of fabric at the left edge section and makes up at least 65% of the total layers of fabric at the right edge section, and wherein the bidirectional fabric makes up at least 30% of the total layers of fabric at the left edge section and makes up at least 30% of the total layers of fabric at the right edge section.
5. The reinforced pipe of claim 4 , wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 80% of the total layers of fabric at the center section.
6. The reinforced pipe of claim 1 , wherein the unidirectional fabric is wrapped around the repair area in multiple strips and each strip is of sufficient length such that each strip provides at least two layers when wrapped circumferentially around the pipe.
7. The reinforced pipe of claim 6 , wherein every other strip of the unidirectional fabric is offset from the preceding layer by from 40% to 60% of the width of the unidirectional fabric.
8. The reinforced pipe of claim 1 , wherein the unidirectional fabric is composed of high-performance fibers and conventional fibers with the high-performance fibers oriented in the 90° direction and the conventional fibers oriented in the 0° direction, and wherein the conventional fibers are stitched to the high-performance fibers thus holding them in the 90° direction.
9. The reinforced pipe of claim 8 , wherein the high-performance fibers have a Young's modulus of at least 100 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 1300 MPa based on a fiber diameter of 8 μm to 20 μm.
10. The reinforced pipe of claim 9 , wherein the conventional fibers have a Young's modulus of less than 50 GPa and a tensile strength of less than 1100 MPa based on a fiber diameter of from 8 μm to 20 μm.
11. The reinforced pipe of claim 1 , wherein the bidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length of the bidirectional fabric and a 90° direction corresponding to the width of the bidirectional fabric, and wherein the bidirectional fabric has from 35% to 75% of its fiber running in the 0° direction of the bidirectional fabric and 35% to 75% of its fiber running in the 90° direction of the bidirectional fabric.
12. A method of reinforcing a steel pipe having an axial direction and a circumferential direction with a wrinkle bend oriented in the circumferential direction, the method comprising:
applying a load transfer material on a repair area of the pipe around the wrinkle bend so as to provide a smooth transition; wherein the repair area has a left section, a right section and center section such that the center section is between the left section and right section and contains the wrinkle bend;
applying a resin over the repair area;
wrapping multiple layers of a unidirectional fabric circumferentially around the repair area; wherein the unidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length and a 90° direction corresponding to the width, and wherein the unidirectional fabric is composed of high-performance fibers with 90% of the high-performance fibers oriented in the 90° direction, and wherein the unidirectional fabric is wrapped such that the high-performance fibers run in the axial direction;
wrapping at least one layer of a bidirectional fabric over the unidirectional fabric such that the layers of unidirectional fabric and layers of bidirectional fabric make up the total layers of fabric around the repair area, and wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 70% of the total layers of fabric at the center section.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the unidirectional fabric is wrapped around the repair area in multiple strips and each strip is of sufficient length such that each strip provides at least two layers when wrapped circumferentially around the pipe.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein every other strip of the unidirectional fabric is offset from the preceding layer by from 40% to 60% of the width of the unidirectional fabric.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising applying the resin to the unidirectional fabric and bidirectional fabric prior to wrapping the unidirectional fabric or bidirectional fabric around the pipe.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 60% of the total layers of fabric at the left edge section and makes up at least 60% of the total layers of fabric at the right edge section, and wherein the bidirectional fabric makes up at least 20% of the total layers of fabric at the left edge section and makes up at least 20% of the total layers of fabric at the right edge section.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 75% of the total layers of fabric at the center section, wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 65% of the total layers of fabric at the left edge section and makes up at least 65% of the total layers of fabric at the right edge section, and wherein the bidirectional fabric makes up at least 30% of the total layers of fabric at the left edge section and makes up at least 30% of the total layers of fabric at the right edge section.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 80% of the total layers of fabric at the center section.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the unidirectional fabric is composed of high-performance fibers and conventional fibers with the high-performance fibers oriented in the 90° direction and the conventional fibers oriented in the 0° direction, and wherein the conventional fibers are stitched to the high-performance fibers thus holding them in the 90° direction.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the high-performance fibers have a Young's modulus of at least 100 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 1300 MPa based on a fiber diameter of 8 μm to 20 μm.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the conventional fibers have a Young's modulus of less than 50 GPa and a tensile strength of less than 1100 MPa based on a fiber diameter of from 8 μm to 20 μm.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length of the bidirectional fabric and a 90° direction corresponding to the width of the bidirectional fabric, and wherein the bidirectional fabric has from 35% to 75% of its fiber running in the 0° direction of the bidirectional fabric and 35% to 75% of its fiber running in the 90° direction of the bidirectional fabric.