Method of measurement and estimation of the coefficient of thermal expansion in components
Methods and systems for measuring and/or estimating a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of a component of a fuel cell system. A CTE measurement technique includes securing a measurement member over a surface of the component via a seal having a melting point, heating the seal above its melting point of the seal, cooling the component, measurement member and seal to a second temperature below the melting point of the seal, and determining the CTE of the component based on the change in the span of the measurement member after cooling. A fuel cell component characterization technique includes measuring an electrical resistivity (ER), conductivity (EC), resistance or conductance of the component, measuring at least one additional property of the component which, together with ER, EC, resistance or conductance, correlates to the CTE of the component, and sorting the component based on the measurements.
1. A method for characterizing components of a fuel cell system, comprising:
measuring at least one of an electrical resistivity (ER), electrical conductivity (EC), electrical resistance and electrical conductance of a component;
measuring at least one additional property of the component which, together with at least one of ER, EC, electrical resistance and electrical conductance, correlates to a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the component;
sorting the component based on measuring the at least one of ER, EC, electrical resistance, electrical conductance and the at least one additional property.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one additional property of the component comprises at least one of an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement of the component, an electronic impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement of the component, a thickness of the component, a length and width of the component, a mass of the component, a density of the component, a porosity of the component and an amount of nitrides or other contaminants in the component.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the component comprises an interconnect for a fuel cell stack.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the interconnect comprises chromium and iron, and the measurement of at least one of ER, EC, electrical resistance and electrical conductance indicates an amount of iron, an amount of chromium and iron interdiffusion, and/or a presence or an amount of nitrides in the interconnect.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising using the measuring of the additional property to distinguish an effect of the nitrides versus an amount of iron and/or an amount of chromium and iron interdiffusion in the interconnect.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein sorting the component comprises comparing the measurements of at least one of ER, EC, electrical resistance, electrical conductance and the at least one additional property to stored values in a look-up table or to predetermined ranges of the at least one of ER and EC and the at least one additional property.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein sorting the component comprises performing a least squares fit regression analysis using the measurements.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein sorting the component comprises estimating the CTE of the component based on the measurements and sorting the component based on the estimated CTE.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the components are accepted or rejected for use in a fuel cell stack based on the estimated CTE.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is performed as part of an in-line quality control process.
11. A system for characterizing components of a fuel cell system, comprising:
a first testing apparatus for measuring at least one of electrical resistivity (ER), electrical conductivity (EC), electrical resistance and electrical conductance of a component;
a second measuring apparatus for measuring at least one additional property of the component which, together with the at least one of ER, EC, electrical resistance and electrical conductance correlates to a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the component; and
a logic device configured to sort the component based on measuring the at least one of ER, EC, electrical resistance and electrical conductance and the at least one additional property.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the system is used to perform a method in accordance with claim 1 .
13. A method of estimating a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of a component of a fuel cell system, comprising:
measuring at least one of an electrical resistivity (ER), an electrical conductivity (EC), electrical resistance and electrical conductance of the component;
estimating the CTE of the component based on the measured ER, EC, electrical resistance or electrical conductance; and
estimating a nitride concentration within the component based on the measured ER, EC, electrical resistance or electrical conductance.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein measuring the at least one of ER, EC, electrical resistance and electrical conductance comprises providing a known current through the component and detecting a voltage drop across at least a portion of the component.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising performing an electronic impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement of the component, wherein the estimation of nitride concentration is based, in part, on the EIS measurement.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the component comprises an interconnect for a fuel cell stack.