Material processing systems
Material processing systems are disclosed. Some systems include methods of eliminating or reducing defects in elongate workpieces that can undergo large deformations during processing. Some systems include apparatus configured to facilitate such large deformations while maintaining internal stresses (e.g., tensile stresses) below a threshold stress. Some disclosed systems pertain to powder extrusion techniques. Continuous and batch processing systems are disclosed.
1. A method for providing a sintered article of manufacture, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an extruder containing a feedstock comprising a mixture of a powdered bulk material and a binder system;
(b) providing a debinder apparatus downstream from the extruder;
(c) providing a sintering apparatus downstream from the debinder apparatus;
(d) providing a support member extending from the extruder to at least the debinder apparatus, the support member comprising a non-planar cross-section perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the support member;
(e) extruding the feedstock in the form of a green workpiece supported on the support member, the green workpiece comprising a green workpiece length that extends nonlinearly between two points on either side of the support member so that the green workpiece length is greater between the two points than a linear distance between the two points along the support member; and
(f) moving the green workpiece from the extruder to the debinder apparatus to form a brown workpiece, and then moving the brown workpiece from the debinder apparatus to the sintering apparatus to form the sintered article of manufacture.
2. The method of claim 1 , including extruding the green workpiece having a generally sinusoidal shape extending between the two points along the support member.
3. The method of claim 1 , including selecting the powdered bulk material for the feedstock from the group consisting of a powder metal, a powder ceramic, a powdered plastic, and combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , including selecting the non-planar cross-section of the support member from the group consisting of a V-shaped notch, an L-shaped recess, and a U-shaped trough.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising inducing relative movement between the extruder and the support member to thereby orient the green workpiece on the support member transversely to a direction of gravity.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the relative movement between the support member and the extruder is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) oscillating transverse movement relative to a direction of movement of the green workpiece from the extruder;
(b) non-oscillating transverse movement relative to a direction of movement of the green workpiece from the extruder;
(c) longitudinal movement of the support member relative to the extruder; and
d) combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , including providing the support member as a conveyor belt.
8. The method of claim 1 , including moving the support member and the green workpiece away from the extruder at a slower rate than the feedstock is extruded from the extruder.
9. The method of claim 1 , including providing the sintered article of manufacture having a substantially linear shape.
10. The method of claim 1 , including continuously extruding the feedstock so that a green workpiece portion resides adjacent to the extruder while a contiguous sintered article of manufacture portion exits the sintering apparatus.
11. The method of claim 1 , including:
(a) continuously extruding the feedstock to form the green workpiece supported on the support member;
(b) continuously debinding the green workpiece to form the brown workpiece supported on the support member; and c) continuously sintering the brown workpiece to form the sintered article of manufacture.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the sintered article of manufacture has a net form, a near net form, or is a preform.
13. The method of claim 1 , including spooling the sintered article of manufacture onto a spooler.
14. The method of claim 1 , including cutting the sintered article of manufacture into a desired length.
15. A method for providing a sintered article of manufacture, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an extruder containing a feedstock comprising a mixture of a powdered bulk material and a binder system, the powdered bulk material being selected from the group consisting of a powder metal, a powder ceramic, a powdered plastic, and combinations thereof;
(b) providing a debinder apparatus downstream from the extruder;
(c) providing a sintering apparatus downstream from the debinder apparatus;
(d) providing a support member extending from the extruder to the sintering apparatus, wherein at least from the extruder to the debinder apparatus, the support member comprising a non-planar cross-section perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the support member;
(e) extruding the feedstock in the form of a green workpiece supported on the support member, the green workpiece comprising a green workpiece length having a sinusoidal shape extending between two points on either side of the support member axis so that the green workpiece length is greater between the two points than a linear distance between the two points along the support member; and
(f) continuously moving the green workpiece from the extruder to the debinder apparatus to form a brown workpiece supported on the support member, and continuously moving the brown workpiece from the debinder apparatus to the sintering apparatus to form the sintered article of manufacture.
16. The method of claim 15 , including moving the support member and the green workpiece away from the extruder at a slower rate than the feedstock is extruded from the extruder.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the brown workpiece has a shape that more closely approximates a linear axis than the sinusoidal shape of the extruded green workpiece.