End-tidal carbon dioxide and amplitude spectral area as non-invasive markers of coronary perfusion pressure

1. A defibrillation device for guiding defibrillation therapy of an individual during resuscitation, comprising:

an end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ) sensor for obtaining signals representing ETCO 2 of the individual;

an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor for obtaining signals representing ECG of the individual; and

a processor in communication with the ETCO 2 sensor and the ECG sensor and configured to:

receive and process the signals representing ETCO 2 from the ETCO 2 sensor to generate ETCO 2 data,

receive and process the signals representing ECG from the ECG sensor to generate ECG data,

analyze the ETCO 2 data and the ECG data, the analysis of the ECG data being frequency-based,

determine, based on the analysis of the ETCO 2 data and the ECG data, whether a defibrillation shock should be delivered to the individual, and

provide an indication that designates whether the defibrillation shock should be delivered.

2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the determination is based on whether the ETCO 2 data is higher or lower than a first predetermined threshold value.

3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the predetermined threshold value is from 5 mmHg to 20 mmHg.

4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to perform a frequency domain transform on the ECG data.

5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the frequency domain transform results in an amplitude spectrum area (AMSA) value.

6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the determination is further based on whether the AMSA value is higher or lower than a second predetermined threshold value.

7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the second predetermined threshold value is from 31 mV-Hz to 45 mV-Hz.

8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the determination is based on analysis of both the ECG data and the ETCO 2 data.

9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the determination is based on a comparison of the ECG data to a first predetermined threshold and a comparison of the ETCO 2 data to a second predetermined threshold value.

10. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a display, and wherein the processor is configured to provide the indication of whether the defibrillation shock should be delivered on the display.

11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the indication comprises a prompt on the display instructing a user as to the proper time to deliver the defibrillating shock.

12. The device of claim 1 , further comprising one or more speakers for providing the indication of whether the defibrillation shock should be delivered.

13. The device of claim 12 , wherein the indication comprises a prompt instructing a user as to a proper time to deliver the defibrillating shock.

14. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a defibrillator.

15. The device of claim 14 , further comprising further comprising defibrillation electrodes.

16. The device of claim 14 , wherein the processor is configured to instruct the defibrillator to provide the defibrillating shock based on the determination.

17. The device of claim 1 , further comprising one or more additional sensors.

18. The device of claim 17 , wherein the one or more additional sensors are one or more of a heart rate sensor, a blood pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a bispectral index sensor, an oxygen sensor, a blood lactate sensor, a blood pH sensor, a tissue lactate sensor, a tissue pH sensor, an intracardiac pressure sensor, an intrathoracic pressure sensor, a positive end expiratory pressure sensor, a respiratory rate sensor, an intracranial pressure sensor, an intraocular pressure sensor, a respiratory flow sensor, an oxygen delivery sensor, a tissue CO 2 sensor, and a cardiac output sensor.

19. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is in communication with one or more circulation enhancement devices.

20. The device of claim 19 , wherein the circulation enhancement device is configured to generate a negative intrathoracic pressure within a patient.